Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: VEGFA

Gene summary for VEGFA

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

VEGFA

Gene ID

7422

Gene namevascular endothelial growth factor A
Gene AliasMVCD1
Cytomap6p21.1
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000003

UniProtAcc

A0A087WUD8


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
7422VEGFAGSM4909281HumanBreastIDC5.30e-084.70e-010.21
7422VEGFAGSM4909286HumanBreastIDC4.66e-03-2.45e-010.1081
7422VEGFAGSM4909294HumanBreastIDC2.50e-02-2.41e-010.2022
7422VEGFAGSM4909296HumanBreastIDC1.34e-05-1.79e-010.1524
7422VEGFAGSM4909297HumanBreastIDC3.44e-09-2.82e-010.1517
7422VEGFAGSM4909298HumanBreastIDC1.98e-02-2.47e-010.1551
7422VEGFAGSM4909311HumanBreastIDC6.77e-14-2.78e-010.1534
7422VEGFAGSM4909312HumanBreastIDC5.10e-07-2.63e-010.1552
7422VEGFAGSM4909313HumanBreastIDC6.95e-05-2.88e-010.0391
7422VEGFAGSM4909315HumanBreastIDC1.34e-023.31e-010.21
7422VEGFAGSM4909319HumanBreastIDC1.44e-17-3.14e-010.1563
7422VEGFAGSM4909320HumanBreastIDC3.24e-02-6.03e-020.1575
7422VEGFAGSM4909321HumanBreastIDC3.53e-13-3.26e-010.1559
7422VEGFActrl6HumanBreastPrecancer6.56e-157.40e-01-0.0061
7422VEGFAbrca1HumanBreastPrecancer2.78e-10-2.94e-01-0.0338
7422VEGFAbrca10HumanBreastPrecancer2.93e-338.67e-01-0.0029
7422VEGFANCCBC14HumanBreastDCIS3.70e-04-9.47e-020.2021
7422VEGFANCCBC2HumanBreastDCIS3.20e-022.72e-010.1554
7422VEGFANCCBC5HumanBreastDCIS1.17e-03-5.01e-020.2046
7422VEGFAP1HumanBreastIDC2.33e-07-6.81e-020.1527
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EndometriumThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AEH: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
EEC: Endometrioid Cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LungThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AAH: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
IAC: Invasive lung adenocarcinoma
MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00525479BreastPrecancerregulation of peptidase activity71/1080461/187232.72e-146.94e-1271
GO:00525489BreastPrecancerregulation of endopeptidase activity67/1080432/187231.06e-132.36e-1167
GO:00362939BreastPrecancerresponse to decreased oxygen levels53/1080322/187234.09e-126.84e-1053
GO:00016669BreastPrecancerresponse to hypoxia51/1080307/187237.33e-121.11e-0951
GO:00704829BreastPrecancerresponse to oxygen levels55/1080347/187237.47e-121.11e-0955
GO:20001169BreastPrecancerregulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity43/1080235/187231.30e-111.83e-0943
GO:00432819BreastPrecancerregulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process40/1080209/187231.59e-112.07e-0940
GO:00362948BreastPrecancercellular response to decreased oxygen levels31/1080161/187232.61e-092.11e-0731
GO:00458619BreastPrecancernegative regulation of proteolysis50/1080351/187232.99e-092.39e-0750
GO:00714538BreastPrecancercellular response to oxygen levels32/1080177/187237.32e-095.52e-0732
GO:00714565BreastPrecancercellular response to hypoxia29/1080151/187238.98e-096.50e-0729
GO:00513468BreastPrecancernegative regulation of hydrolase activity50/1080379/187233.85e-082.34e-0650
GO:00975297BreastPrecancermyeloid leukocyte migration34/1080220/187231.42e-077.82e-0634
GO:00104668BreastPrecancernegative regulation of peptidase activity38/1080262/187231.46e-077.82e-0638
GO:00109519BreastPrecancernegative regulation of endopeptidase activity37/1080252/187231.55e-078.05e-0637
GO:00509006BreastPrecancerleukocyte migration47/1080369/187232.82e-071.39e-0547
GO:00022629BreastPrecancermyeloid cell homeostasis27/1080157/187233.10e-071.49e-0527
GO:20001179BreastPrecancernegative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity19/108086/187233.36e-071.58e-0519
GO:00305956BreastPrecancerleukocyte chemotaxis34/1080230/187234.16e-071.89e-0534
GO:00457859BreastPrecancerpositive regulation of cell adhesion52/1080437/187235.74e-072.49e-0552
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0520818BreastPrecancerChemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species68/684223/84653.61e-231.14e-218.73e-2268
hsa0516718BreastPrecancerKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection36/684194/84651.68e-062.53e-051.94e-0536
hsa0541818BreastPrecancerFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis28/684139/84654.74e-066.00e-054.59e-0528
hsa0406616BreastPrecancerHIF-1 signaling pathway23/684109/84651.51e-051.59e-041.22e-0423
hsa0532312BreastPrecancerRheumatoid arthritis19/68493/84651.30e-041.14e-038.73e-0419
hsa0520514BreastPrecancerProteoglycans in cancer30/684205/84651.00e-037.18e-035.50e-0330
hsa0516316BreastPrecancerHuman cytomegalovirus infection32/684225/84651.13e-037.57e-035.80e-0332
hsa052196BreastPrecancerBladder cancer9/68441/84654.65e-032.72e-022.08e-029
hsa0520819BreastPrecancerChemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species68/684223/84653.61e-231.14e-218.73e-2268
hsa0516719BreastPrecancerKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection36/684194/84651.68e-062.53e-051.94e-0536
hsa0541819BreastPrecancerFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis28/684139/84654.74e-066.00e-054.59e-0528
hsa0406617BreastPrecancerHIF-1 signaling pathway23/684109/84651.51e-051.59e-041.22e-0423
hsa0532313BreastPrecancerRheumatoid arthritis19/68493/84651.30e-041.14e-038.73e-0419
hsa0520515BreastPrecancerProteoglycans in cancer30/684205/84651.00e-037.18e-035.50e-0330
hsa0516317BreastPrecancerHuman cytomegalovirus infection32/684225/84651.13e-037.57e-035.80e-0332
hsa0521913BreastPrecancerBladder cancer9/68441/84654.65e-032.72e-022.08e-029
hsa0520824BreastIDCChemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species71/867223/84652.55e-197.53e-185.63e-1871
hsa0541824BreastIDCFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis34/867139/84659.41e-071.61e-051.20e-0534
hsa0520523BreastIDCProteoglycans in cancer42/867205/84657.69e-069.99e-057.48e-0542
hsa0516723BreastIDCKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection38/867194/84655.87e-055.96e-044.46e-0438
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFBreastADJ
VEGFAKDRVEGFA_VEGFR2VEGFBreastADJ
VEGFAFLT1_KDRVEGFA_VEGFR1R2VEGFBreastADJ
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFBreastDCIS
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFBreastHealthy
VEGFAKDRVEGFA_VEGFR2VEGFBreastHealthy
VEGFAFLT1_KDRVEGFA_VEGFR1R2VEGFBreastHealthy
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFBreastIDC
VEGFAKDRVEGFA_VEGFR2VEGFBreastIDC
VEGFAFLT1_KDRVEGFA_VEGFR1R2VEGFBreastIDC
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFBreastPrecancer
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFCervixADJ
VEGFAKDRVEGFA_VEGFR2VEGFCervixADJ
VEGFAFLT1_KDRVEGFA_VEGFR1R2VEGFCervixADJ
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFCervixCC
VEGFAKDRVEGFA_VEGFR2VEGFCervixCC
VEGFAFLT1_KDRVEGFA_VEGFR1R2VEGFCervixCC
VEGFAFLT1VEGFA_VEGFR1VEGFCervixHealthy
VEGFAKDRVEGFA_VEGFR2VEGFCervixHealthy
VEGFAFLT1_KDRVEGFA_VEGFR1R2VEGFCervixHealthy
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.1235N>Tp.Arg412Leup.R412Lprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-A2-A0ST-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapyadriamycinSD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.1102T>Cp.Ser368Prop.S368Pprotein_codingtolerated(0.06)probably_damaging(0.991)TCGA-B6-A0I6-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationrs753526479c.1073N>Cp.Leu358Prop.L358Pprotein_codingtolerated_low_confidence(0.38)possibly_damaging(0.549)TCGA-BH-A1FU-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationc.742G>Ap.Glu248Lysp.E248Kprotein_codingtolerated(0.07)possibly_damaging(0.526)TCGA-IR-A3LA-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationrs376388064c.1136N>Tp.Pro379Leup.P379Lprotein_codingdeleterious(0.02)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-AA-3663-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationc.1174N>Tp.Arg392Cysp.R392Cprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.997)TCGA-AA-3672-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationrs369593555c.1175G>Ap.Arg392Hisp.R392Hprotein_codingtolerated(0.11)possibly_damaging(0.761)TCGA-AA-3949-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.538N>Gp.Thr180Alap.T180Aprotein_codingtolerated_low_confidence(0.06)benign(0.342)TCGA-CK-4951-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
VEGFASNVMissense_Mutationc.128N>Tp.Glu43Valp.E43Vprotein_codingdeleterious_low_confidence(0)probably_damaging(0.994)TCGA-CM-4743-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIChemotherapycapecitabineSD
VEGFAinsertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.1158_1159insAp.Asn388LysfsTer12p.N388Kfs*12protein_codingTCGA-AA-3715-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEANTHRACYCLINE15297400
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMECarbamide derivative 17
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEinhibitorSORAFENIB TOSYLATE
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMECarbamide derivative 21
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEFENOFIBRATEFENOFIBRATE11356390
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEQuinoline and quinazoline derivative 4
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMENavicixizumabNAVICIXIZUMAB
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEinhibitorCHEMBL1742982AFLIBERCEPT
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEPENTOSAN POLYSULFATE17071199
7422VEGFACLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, GROWTH FACTOR, CELL SURFACE, DRUGGABLE GENOMECarbamide derivative 20
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