Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: PTN

Gene summary for PTN

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

PTN

Gene ID

5764

Gene namepleiotrophin
Gene AliasHARP
Cytomap7q33
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000003

UniProtAcc

A0A024R778


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
5764PTNGSM4909281HumanBreastIDC4.32e-06-6.65e-020.21
5764PTNGSM4909282HumanBreastIDC2.50e-03-3.02e-01-0.0288
5764PTNGSM4909285HumanBreastIDC7.79e-05-3.03e-010.21
5764PTNGSM4909286HumanBreastIDC1.72e-05-3.12e-010.1081
5764PTNGSM4909290HumanBreastIDC2.64e-02-3.12e-010.2096
5764PTNGSM4909299HumanBreastIDC8.68e-871.66e+000.035
5764PTNGSM4909300HumanBreastIDC1.71e-171.10e+000.0334
5764PTNGSM4909301HumanBreastIDC7.79e-05-3.12e-010.1577
5764PTNGSM4909304HumanBreastIDC7.79e-05-3.09e-010.1636
5764PTNGSM4909305HumanBreastIDC8.54e-168.27e-010.0436
5764PTNGSM4909309HumanBreastIDC1.48e-621.54e+000.0483
5764PTNGSM4909312HumanBreastIDC1.72e-05-3.12e-010.1552
5764PTNGSM4909313HumanBreastIDC1.63e-239.90e-010.0391
5764PTNGSM4909315HumanBreastIDC7.79e-05-3.12e-010.21
5764PTNGSM4909319HumanBreastIDC7.79e-05-3.12e-010.1563
5764PTNGSM4909321HumanBreastIDC3.66e-05-3.12e-010.1559
5764PTNNCCBC3HumanBreastDCIS4.12e-541.23e+000.1198
5764PTNDCIS2HumanBreastDCIS7.06e-1351.97e+000.0085
5764PTNAEH-subject1HumanEndometriumAEH7.30e-22-5.82e-01-0.3059
5764PTNAEH-subject2HumanEndometriumAEH6.64e-25-5.74e-01-0.2525
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
EndometriumThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AEH: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
EEC: Endometrioid Cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:004854514BreastIDCresponse to steroid hormone70/1434339/187231.34e-144.23e-1270
GO:007048214BreastIDCresponse to oxygen levels64/1434347/187233.45e-115.57e-0964
GO:003629314BreastIDCresponse to decreased oxygen levels60/1434322/187239.26e-111.25e-0860
GO:000166614BreastIDCresponse to hypoxia58/1434307/187231.09e-101.38e-0858
GO:000756511BreastIDCfemale pregnancy39/1434193/187231.81e-081.27e-0639
GO:003629413BreastIDCcellular response to decreased oxygen levels34/1434161/187234.73e-083.02e-0634
GO:00447061BreastIDCmulti-multicellular organism process41/1434220/187238.58e-085.19e-0641
GO:007145613BreastIDCcellular response to hypoxia32/1434151/187231.07e-076.26e-0632
GO:007145313BreastIDCcellular response to oxygen levels35/1434177/187231.68e-079.10e-0635
GO:004873214BreastIDCgland development64/1434436/187233.47e-071.74e-0564
GO:004578514BreastIDCpositive regulation of cell adhesion62/1434437/187231.70e-067.16e-0562
GO:004860812BreastIDCreproductive structure development60/1434424/187232.71e-061.03e-0460
GO:005090011BreastIDCleukocyte migration54/1434369/187233.10e-061.15e-0454
GO:006145813BreastIDCreproductive system development60/1434427/187233.41e-061.24e-0460
GO:003059511BreastIDCleukocyte chemotaxis38/1434230/187235.36e-061.76e-0438
GO:000166714BreastIDCameboidal-type cell migration64/1434475/187236.65e-062.05e-0464
GO:000931412BreastIDCresponse to radiation62/1434456/187236.91e-062.10e-0462
GO:005067313BreastIDCepithelial cell proliferation60/1434437/187237.13e-062.15e-0460
GO:003235512BreastIDCresponse to estradiol27/1434141/187237.87e-062.35e-0427
GO:005067812BreastIDCregulation of epithelial cell proliferation54/1434381/187238.07e-062.39e-0454
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
PTNSDC1PTN_SDC1PTNBreastDCIS
PTNSDC2PTN_SDC2PTNBreastDCIS
PTNSDC3PTN_SDC3PTNBreastDCIS
PTNSDC4PTN_SDC4PTNBreastDCIS
PTNNCLPTN_NCLPTNBreastDCIS
PTNSDC1PTN_SDC1PTNBreastHealthy
PTNSDC2PTN_SDC2PTNBreastHealthy
PTNSDC4PTN_SDC4PTNBreastHealthy
PTNNCLPTN_NCLPTNBreastHealthy
PTNSDC1PTN_SDC1PTNCervixADJ
PTNSDC2PTN_SDC2PTNCervixADJ
PTNSDC4PTN_SDC4PTNCervixADJ
PTNNCLPTN_NCLPTNCervixADJ
PTNPTPRZ1PTN_PTPRZ1PTNCervixCC
PTNSDC1PTN_SDC1PTNCervixCC
PTNSDC2PTN_SDC2PTNCervixCC
PTNSDC3PTN_SDC3PTNCervixCC
PTNSDC4PTN_SDC4PTNCervixCC
PTNNCLPTN_NCLPTNCervixCC
PTNSDC1PTN_SDC1PTNCervixPrecancer
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationc.51N>Ap.Phe17Leup.F17LP21246protein_codingtolerated(0.72)benign(0)TCGA-AN-A0AK-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationrs559496875c.388G>Ap.Glu130Lysp.E130KP21246protein_codingdeleterious(0.03)benign(0.18)TCGA-BH-A2L8-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycytoxanCR
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationrs760057615c.413C>Tp.Ser138Phep.S138FP21246protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.939)TCGA-C8-A8HP-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapy5-fluorouracilCR
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.157N>Tp.Ser53Cysp.S53CP21246protein_codingdeleterious(0.05)probably_damaging(0.985)TCGA-DS-A1OC-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapygemcitabineSD
PTNinsertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.155_156insTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTp.Trp52CysfsTer9p.W52Cfs*9P21246protein_codingTCGA-DS-A1OC-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapygemcitabineSD
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationc.340N>Tp.Ala114Serp.A114SP21246protein_codingtolerated(0.06)benign(0.203)TCGA-A6-5657-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65III/IVAncillaryleucovorinSD
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationc.438G>Tp.Lys146Asnp.K146NP21246protein_codingtolerated(0.11)probably_damaging(0.995)TCGA-AA-3821-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationc.160N>Tp.Val54Leup.V54LP21246protein_codingtolerated(0.29)possibly_damaging(0.825)TCGA-AA-3986-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationc.454G>Ap.Glu152Lysp.E152KP21246protein_codingtolerated(0.59)probably_damaging(0.973)TCGA-AG-A002-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTNSNVMissense_Mutationc.359N>Tp.Gly120Valp.G120VP21246protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.903)TCGA-AG-A02G-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale>=65III/IVChemotherapyfolinicPD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
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