Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: PTGES

Gene summary for PTGES

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

PTGES

Gene ID

9536

Gene nameprostaglandin E synthase
Gene AliasMGST-IV
Cytomap9q34.11
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0001516

UniProtAcc

O14684


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
9536PTGESLZE8THumanEsophagusESCC1.39e-022.31e-010.067
9536PTGESLZE20THumanEsophagusESCC4.35e-129.43e-010.0662
9536PTGESLZE22THumanEsophagusESCC7.45e-046.20e-010.068
9536PTGESLZE24D1HumanEsophagusHGIN1.13e-021.06e+000.054
9536PTGESLZE24THumanEsophagusESCC1.44e-045.23e-010.0596
9536PTGESLZE21THumanEsophagusESCC5.87e-032.90e-010.0655
9536PTGESLZE6THumanEsophagusESCC1.46e-111.75e+000.0845
9536PTGESP1T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.79e-061.24e+000.0875
9536PTGESP2T-EHumanEsophagusESCC5.31e-236.63e-010.1177
9536PTGESP4T-EHumanEsophagusESCC5.86e-125.34e-010.1323
9536PTGESP8T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.85e-321.21e+000.0889
9536PTGESP11T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.08e-121.20e+000.1426
9536PTGESP15T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.69e-054.01e-010.1149
9536PTGESP17T-EHumanEsophagusESCC6.20e-086.62e-010.1278
9536PTGESP21T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.45e-226.97e-010.1617
9536PTGESP22T-EHumanEsophagusESCC7.63e-112.53e-010.1236
9536PTGESP23T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.27e-181.47e+000.108
9536PTGESP24T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.52e-188.49e-010.1287
9536PTGESP26T-EHumanEsophagusESCC9.26e-135.03e-010.1276
9536PTGESP27T-EHumanEsophagusESCC8.02e-031.12e-010.1055
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00060918BreastPrecancergeneration of precursor metabolites and energy94/1080490/187231.54e-251.64e-2294
GO:00159808BreastPrecancerenergy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds70/1080318/187238.33e-236.37e-2070
GO:00226139BreastPrecancerribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis79/1080463/187232.11e-181.03e-1579
GO:00718269BreastPrecancerribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization48/1080227/187232.68e-158.45e-1348
GO:00226189BreastPrecancerribonucleoprotein complex assembly47/1080220/187233.47e-151.03e-1247
GO:00064578BreastPrecancerprotein folding43/1080212/187233.48e-137.45e-1143
GO:00485459BreastPrecancerresponse to steroid hormone53/1080339/187233.07e-113.66e-0953
GO:00064588BreastPrecancer'de novo' protein folding16/108043/187238.14e-106.92e-0816
GO:00610778BreastPrecancerchaperone-mediated protein folding19/108067/187234.22e-093.28e-0719
GO:00510848BreastPrecancer'de novo' posttranslational protein folding14/108039/187231.61e-081.12e-0614
GO:00510858BreastPrecancerchaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding13/108034/187232.17e-081.47e-0613
GO:00508219BreastPrecancerprotein stabilization29/1080191/187231.67e-066.08e-0529
GO:00316479BreastPrecancerregulation of protein stability38/1080298/187233.73e-061.19e-0438
GO:00713838BreastPrecancercellular response to steroid hormone stimulus28/1080204/187231.78e-054.26e-0428
GO:00108338BreastPrecancertelomere maintenance via telomere lengthening15/108081/187235.31e-051.11e-0315
GO:00007238BreastPrecancertelomere maintenance20/1080131/187236.10e-051.25e-0320
GO:20005738BreastPrecancerpositive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process13/108066/187238.54e-051.63e-0313
GO:00070047BreastPrecancertelomere maintenance via telomerase13/108069/187231.37e-042.38e-0313
GO:00062786BreastPrecancerRNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process13/108075/187233.27e-044.64e-0313
GO:20002788BreastPrecancerregulation of DNA biosynthetic process16/1080106/187233.68e-045.03e-0316
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationc.296N>Tp.Ala99Valp.A99VO14684protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.997)TCGA-G4-6628-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationc.421N>Cp.Ala141Prop.A141PO14684protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.971)TCGA-EI-7002-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale<65III/IVChemotherapyirinotecan+5-fluorouracilimSD
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationrs551621700c.365G>Ap.Arg122Glnp.R122QO14684protein_codingtolerated(0.2)benign(0.024)TCGA-D1-A103-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationc.374T>Cp.Ile125Thrp.I125TO14684protein_codingtolerated(1)benign(0)TCGA-D1-A17Q-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationc.244N>Ap.Phe82Ilep.F82IO14684protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-FV-A3R3-01Liverliver hepatocellular carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationc.190N>Cp.Asp64Hisp.D64HO14684protein_codingtolerated(0.05)probably_damaging(0.971)TCGA-18-3409-01Lunglung squamous cell carcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
PTGESSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.167C>Ap.Pro56Hisp.P56HO14684protein_codingtolerated(0.14)benign(0.343)TCGA-37-3789-01Lunglung squamous cell carcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PTGESdeletionFrame_Shift_Delc.189delCp.Asp64ThrfsTer65p.D64Tfs*65O14684protein_codingTCGA-BR-8078-01Stomachstomach adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEBenzamide derivative 14
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEBenzimidazole derivative 13
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEVEGF16155957
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEImidazopyridine derivative 5
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEImidazole benzamide derivative 1
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEinhibitor252827532
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEAlpha-substituted pirinixic acid and pirinixic acid ester derivative 1
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEImidazopyridine derivative 6
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEPMID28627961-Compound-30
9536PTGESDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEMethyl-piperidine compound 1
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