Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: POLD2

Gene summary for POLD2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

POLD2

Gene ID

5425

Gene nameDNA polymerase delta 2, accessory subunit
Gene AliasPOLD2
Cytomap7p13
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0006139

UniProtAcc

P49005


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
5425POLD2HTA11_696_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.33e-063.23e-01-0.1464
5425POLD2HTA11_1391_2000001011HumanColorectumAD3.93e-115.54e-01-0.059
5425POLD2HTA11_866_3004761011HumanColorectumAD1.99e-032.67e-010.096
5425POLD2HTA11_4255_2000001011HumanColorectumSER1.74e-024.63e-010.0446
5425POLD2HTA11_6801_2000001011HumanColorectumSER6.07e-044.99e-010.0171
5425POLD2HTA11_7696_3000711011HumanColorectumAD5.96e-052.81e-010.0674
5425POLD2HTA11_99999970781_79442HumanColorectumMSS1.32e-031.81e-010.294
5425POLD2HTA11_99999965062_69753HumanColorectumMSI-H1.71e-025.80e-010.3487
5425POLD2HTA11_99999965104_69814HumanColorectumMSS1.41e-064.74e-010.281
5425POLD2HTA11_99999971662_82457HumanColorectumMSS5.33e-083.99e-010.3859
5425POLD2HTA11_99999973899_84307HumanColorectumMSS1.54e-023.00e-010.2585
5425POLD2HTA11_99999974143_84620HumanColorectumMSS5.60e-144.12e-010.3005
5425POLD2LZE2THumanEsophagusESCC5.16e-046.97e-010.082
5425POLD2LZE4THumanEsophagusESCC2.66e-256.24e-010.0811
5425POLD2LZE5THumanEsophagusESCC1.44e-022.69e-010.0514
5425POLD2LZE7THumanEsophagusESCC3.21e-161.00e+000.0667
5425POLD2LZE8THumanEsophagusESCC2.39e-115.07e-010.067
5425POLD2LZE20THumanEsophagusESCC4.37e-042.12e-010.0662
5425POLD2LZE22THumanEsophagusESCC1.70e-118.63e-010.068
5425POLD2LZE24THumanEsophagusESCC6.05e-247.04e-010.0596
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:0071897ColorectumADDNA biosynthetic process55/3918180/187231.46e-031.24e-0255
GO:00718971ColorectumSERDNA biosynthetic process43/2897180/187231.99e-031.98e-0243
GO:00718972ColorectumMSSDNA biosynthetic process50/3467180/187231.45e-031.35e-0250
GO:00718973ColorectumMSI-HDNA biosynthetic process26/1319180/187233.73e-048.56e-0326
GO:0006260ColorectumMSI-HDNA replication31/1319260/187232.83e-033.63e-0231
GO:007189710EsophagusHGINDNA biosynthetic process44/2587180/187238.97e-051.96e-0344
GO:00062604EsophagusESCCDNA replication181/8552260/187233.55e-152.05e-13181
GO:007189716EsophagusESCCDNA biosynthetic process127/8552180/187231.04e-113.85e-10127
GO:00062612EsophagusESCCDNA-dependent DNA replication100/8552151/187232.61e-073.94e-06100
GO:00062601LiverHCCDNA replication146/7958260/187235.68e-067.02e-05146
GO:00718975LiverHCCDNA biosynthetic process99/7958180/187234.66e-043.08e-0399
GO:0006261LiverHCCDNA-dependent DNA replication80/7958151/187235.91e-032.44e-0280
GO:00062603Oral cavityOSCCDNA replication159/7305260/187233.25e-131.59e-11159
GO:00718979Oral cavityOSCCDNA biosynthetic process106/7305180/187234.86e-088.95e-07106
GO:00062611Oral cavityOSCCDNA-dependent DNA replication84/7305151/187232.46e-052.30e-0484
GO:000626011Oral cavityLPDNA replication97/4623260/187233.67e-067.75e-0597
GO:007189715Oral cavityLPDNA biosynthetic process71/4623180/187238.04e-061.52e-0471
GO:000626012SkincSCCDNA replication106/4864260/187231.18e-072.77e-06106
GO:007189718SkincSCCDNA biosynthetic process74/4864180/187236.33e-068.92e-0574
GO:00062606ThyroidPTCDNA replication114/5968260/187233.09e-052.95e-04114
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa034205EsophagusHGINNucleotide excision repair29/138363/84652.96e-085.36e-074.26e-0729
hsa0342012EsophagusHGINNucleotide excision repair29/138363/84652.96e-085.36e-074.26e-0729
hsa0342022EsophagusESCCNucleotide excision repair54/420563/84652.01e-092.17e-081.11e-0854
hsa034104EsophagusESCCBase excision repair38/420544/84653.59e-072.62e-061.34e-0638
hsa030304EsophagusESCCDNA replication32/420536/84657.71e-075.06e-062.59e-0632
hsa034304EsophagusESCCMismatch repair21/420523/84652.85e-051.35e-046.90e-0521
hsa0342032EsophagusESCCNucleotide excision repair54/420563/84652.01e-092.17e-081.11e-0854
hsa0341011EsophagusESCCBase excision repair38/420544/84653.59e-072.62e-061.34e-0638
hsa0303011EsophagusESCCDNA replication32/420536/84657.71e-075.06e-062.59e-0632
hsa0343011EsophagusESCCMismatch repair21/420523/84652.85e-051.35e-046.90e-0521
hsa03420LiverCirrhoticNucleotide excision repair29/253063/84654.81e-031.74e-021.07e-0229
hsa034201LiverCirrhoticNucleotide excision repair29/253063/84654.81e-031.74e-021.07e-0229
hsa034202LiverHCCNucleotide excision repair41/402063/84653.59e-031.12e-026.22e-0341
hsa034203LiverHCCNucleotide excision repair41/402063/84653.59e-031.12e-026.22e-0341
hsa034204Oral cavityOSCCNucleotide excision repair49/370463/84653.48e-082.91e-071.48e-0749
hsa03030Oral cavityOSCCDNA replication31/370436/84651.70e-071.19e-066.03e-0731
hsa03410Oral cavityOSCCBase excision repair32/370444/84659.11e-053.25e-041.65e-0432
hsa03430Oral cavityOSCCMismatch repair19/370423/84651.55e-045.34e-042.72e-0419
hsa0342011Oral cavityOSCCNucleotide excision repair49/370463/84653.48e-082.91e-071.48e-0749
hsa030301Oral cavityOSCCDNA replication31/370436/84651.70e-071.19e-066.03e-0731
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
POLD2ICAFColorectumHealthyRPS21,CROCC,CDCA7, etc.1.88e-02The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2LYMENDColorectumMSSRPS21,CROCC,CDCA7, etc.0.00e+00The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2VFIBColorectumMSSRPS21,CROCC,CDCA7, etc.0.00e+00The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2MYOFIBColorectumSERRPS21,CROCC,CDCA7, etc.2.12e-01The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2SURFEndometriumADJCENPX,HTATIP2,ZWINT, etc.0.00e+00The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2BASEndometriumADJCENPX,HTATIP2,ZWINT, etc.0.00e+00The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2MEGAPancreasADJRPS17,AC092069.1,C19orf33, etc.5.12e-02The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2PVAPancreasPanINRPS17,AC092069.1,C19orf33, etc.1.15e-01The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2MVAPancreasPDACRPS17,AC092069.1,C19orf33, etc.1.58e-01The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
POLD2MESCStomachHealthyDNAJB11,LFNG,TRAM1, etc.1.39e-02The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.584N>Tp.Ala195Valp.A195Vprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.988)TCGA-EA-A410-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationc.704N>Tp.Ser235Phep.S235Fprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-FU-A770-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationc.994N>Tp.Gly332Cysp.G332Cprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-A6-2686-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationrs768064825c.664G>Ap.Ala222Thrp.A222Tprotein_codingtolerated(0.39)benign(0.003)TCGA-AA-3713-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65III/IVChemotherapy5-fluorouracilPR
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationc.389N>Cp.Gly130Alap.G130Aprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.987)TCGA-CK-4951-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationrs752936314c.1483N>Ap.Asp495Asnp.D495Nprotein_codingdeleterious_low_confidence(0.03)benign(0.119)TCGA-CM-5341-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65III/IVChemotherapyfluorouracilSD
POLD2deletionFrame_Shift_Delc.296_299delNNNNp.Phe99TrpfsTer15p.F99Wfs*15protein_codingTCGA-QG-A5Z2-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationrs753677894c.248N>Ap.Arg83Glnp.R83Qprotein_codingdeleterious(0.03)benign(0.105)TCGA-A5-A2K3-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapycarboplatinSD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationc.389G>Ap.Gly130Aspp.G130Dprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.997)TCGA-AJ-A3BH-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemaleUnknownI/IIUnknownUnknownSD
POLD2SNVMissense_Mutationc.404C>Ap.Ala135Aspp.A135Dprotein_codingtolerated(0.46)benign(0.003)TCGA-AP-A051-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
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