Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: LCN2

Gene summary for LCN2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

LCN2

Gene ID

3934

Gene namelipocalin 2
Gene Alias24p3
Cytomap9q34.11
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000041

UniProtAcc

P80188


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
3934LCN2GSM4909281HumanBreastIDC5.05e-10-5.16e-010.21
3934LCN2GSM4909282HumanBreastIDC5.38e-05-7.97e-02-0.0288
3934LCN2GSM4909285HumanBreastIDC5.46e-16-6.25e-010.21
3934LCN2GSM4909286HumanBreastIDC1.25e-14-6.47e-010.1081
3934LCN2GSM4909287HumanBreastIDC1.69e-12-5.90e-010.2057
3934LCN2GSM4909290HumanBreastIDC7.89e-11-6.37e-010.2096
3934LCN2GSM4909291HumanBreastIDC7.23e-12-6.60e-010.1753
3934LCN2GSM4909293HumanBreastIDC1.37e-13-6.43e-010.1581
3934LCN2GSM4909294HumanBreastIDC4.20e-17-6.39e-010.2022
3934LCN2GSM4909296HumanBreastIDC1.41e-16-6.50e-010.1524
3934LCN2GSM4909297HumanBreastIDC4.84e-18-6.54e-010.1517
3934LCN2GSM4909298HumanBreastIDC8.86e-18-6.52e-010.1551
3934LCN2GSM4909299HumanBreastIDC1.34e-04-3.33e-010.035
3934LCN2GSM4909301HumanBreastIDC1.06e-23-6.89e-010.1577
3934LCN2GSM4909302HumanBreastIDC3.10e-24-6.89e-010.1545
3934LCN2GSM4909303HumanBreastIDC7.39e-07-6.89e-010.0438
3934LCN2GSM4909304HumanBreastIDC5.41e-19-6.68e-010.1636
3934LCN2GSM4909306HumanBreastIDC1.27e-10-5.38e-010.1564
3934LCN2GSM4909307HumanBreastIDC1.86e-10-5.97e-010.1569
3934LCN2GSM4909308HumanBreastIDC1.17e-21-6.89e-010.158
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EndometriumThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AEH: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
EEC: Endometrioid Cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
GCThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis
CAG with IM: Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis
GC: Gastric cancer
SIM: Severe intestinal metaplasia
WIM: Wild intestinal metaplasia
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LungThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AAH: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
IAC: Invasive lung adenocarcinoma
MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00069799BreastPrecancerresponse to oxidative stress70/1080446/187231.59e-144.26e-1270
GO:00362939BreastPrecancerresponse to decreased oxygen levels53/1080322/187234.09e-126.84e-1053
GO:00704829BreastPrecancerresponse to oxygen levels55/1080347/187237.47e-121.11e-0955
GO:00621979BreastPrecancercellular response to chemical stress51/1080337/187232.40e-102.34e-0851
GO:00003029BreastPrecancerresponse to reactive oxygen species38/1080222/187231.47e-091.23e-0738
GO:00362948BreastPrecancercellular response to decreased oxygen levels31/1080161/187232.61e-092.11e-0731
GO:00714538BreastPrecancercellular response to oxygen levels32/1080177/187237.32e-095.52e-0732
GO:00709979BreastPrecancerneuron death50/1080361/187237.75e-095.70e-0750
GO:00514029BreastPrecancerneuron apoptotic process38/1080246/187232.68e-081.75e-0638
GO:00345999BreastPrecancercellular response to oxidative stress42/1080288/187232.78e-081.79e-0642
GO:00425429BreastPrecancerresponse to hydrogen peroxide26/1080146/187232.52e-071.26e-0526
GO:00100389BreastPrecancerresponse to metal ion47/1080373/187233.88e-071.79e-0547
GO:19012149BreastPrecancerregulation of neuron death41/1080319/187231.27e-064.80e-0541
GO:00435237BreastPrecancerregulation of neuron apoptotic process31/1080212/187231.69e-066.08e-0531
GO:00512358BreastPrecancermaintenance of location40/1080327/187235.85e-061.71e-0440
GO:00516519BreastPrecancermaintenance of location in cell30/1080214/187235.91e-061.71e-0430
GO:00022378BreastPrecancerresponse to molecule of bacterial origin43/1080363/187236.05e-061.72e-0443
GO:00324968BreastPrecancerresponse to lipopolysaccharide41/1080343/187237.94e-062.17e-0441
GO:00512383BreastPrecancersequestering of metal ion7/108016/187231.50e-053.71e-047
GO:00106348BreastPrecancerpositive regulation of epithelial cell migration25/1080176/187232.75e-056.21e-0425
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0465716BreastPrecancerIL-17 signaling pathway20/68494/84654.74e-054.54e-043.48e-0420
hsa0465717BreastPrecancerIL-17 signaling pathway20/68494/84654.74e-054.54e-043.48e-0420
hsa0465721BreastIDCIL-17 signaling pathway18/86794/84656.39e-033.30e-022.47e-0218
hsa0465731BreastIDCIL-17 signaling pathway18/86794/84656.39e-033.30e-022.47e-0218
hsa0465741BreastDCISIL-17 signaling pathway18/84694/84654.95e-032.67e-021.96e-0218
hsa0465751BreastDCISIL-17 signaling pathway18/84694/84654.95e-032.67e-021.96e-0218
hsa0465718CervixCCIL-17 signaling pathway31/126794/84658.71e-067.43e-054.39e-0531
hsa0465719CervixCCIL-17 signaling pathway31/126794/84658.71e-067.43e-054.39e-0531
hsa0465722CervixHSIL_HPVIL-17 signaling pathway15/45994/84651.45e-041.74e-031.40e-0315
hsa0465732CervixHSIL_HPVIL-17 signaling pathway15/45994/84651.45e-041.74e-031.40e-0315
hsa0465742CervixN_HPVIL-17 signaling pathway16/34994/84651.20e-061.64e-051.28e-0516
hsa0465752CervixN_HPVIL-17 signaling pathway16/34994/84651.20e-061.64e-051.28e-0516
hsa0465720EndometriumEECIL-17 signaling pathway23/123794/84657.61e-033.63e-022.71e-0223
hsa04657110EndometriumEECIL-17 signaling pathway23/123794/84657.61e-033.63e-022.71e-0223
hsa0465726EsophagusHGINIL-17 signaling pathway25/138394/84657.52e-034.63e-023.68e-0225
hsa04657113EsophagusHGINIL-17 signaling pathway25/138394/84657.52e-034.63e-023.68e-0225
hsa0465727EsophagusESCCIL-17 signaling pathway66/420594/84653.93e-051.75e-048.99e-0566
hsa0465734EsophagusESCCIL-17 signaling pathway66/420594/84653.93e-051.75e-048.99e-0566
hsa0465714LungIACIL-17 signaling pathway20/105394/84651.05e-023.90e-022.59e-0220
hsa0465715LungIACIL-17 signaling pathway20/105394/84651.05e-023.90e-022.59e-0220
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationrs368254779c.497N>Tp.Ser166Leup.S166LP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.16)benign(0.01)TCGA-EI-6917-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale<65III/IVChemotherapy5fluorouracil+oxaciplatina+l-folinianSD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.237N>Tp.Lys79Asnp.K79NP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.38)benign(0.04)TCGA-AJ-A3EL-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationc.469N>Ap.Leu157Ilep.L157IP80188protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.997)TCGA-AP-A054-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapycarboplatinPD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.217G>Ap.Ala73Thrp.A73TP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.61)benign(0.007)TCGA-B5-A3FA-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.395G>Ap.Ser132Asnp.S132NP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.14)benign(0)TCGA-B5-A3FC-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationrs781387356c.282N>Tp.Lys94Asnp.K94NP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.18)benign(0)TCGA-EO-A22U-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.298A>Cp.Ile100Leup.I100LP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.14)benign(0.026)TCGA-EO-A22X-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnspecificCarboplatinComplete Response
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.277N>Gp.Lys93Glup.K93EP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.36)benign(0)TCGA-EO-A3AY-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationrs748856765c.432N>Tp.Lys144Asnp.K144NP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.06)benign(0.153)TCGA-EO-A3AY-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
LCN2SNVMissense_Mutationc.132C>Ap.Asp44Glup.D44EP80188protein_codingtolerated(0.3)benign(0.007)TCGA-BC-A3KF-01Liverliver hepatocellular carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
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