Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: HK2

Gene summary for HK2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

HK2

Gene ID

3099

Gene namehexokinase 2
Gene AliasHKII
Cytomap2p12
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000422

UniProtAcc

P52789


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
3099HK2GSM4909292HumanBreastIDC1.24e-046.60e-010.1236
3099HK2GSM4909311HumanBreastIDC7.03e-03-1.01e-010.1534
3099HK2GSM4909319HumanBreastIDC1.98e-05-1.14e-010.1563
3099HK2GSM4909321HumanBreastIDC3.51e-04-1.22e-010.1559
3099HK2ctrl6HumanBreastPrecancer4.62e-217.37e-01-0.0061
3099HK2brca1HumanBreastPrecancer1.01e-02-1.06e-01-0.0338
3099HK2brca10HumanBreastPrecancer1.02e-093.83e-01-0.0029
3099HK2DCIS2HumanBreastDCIS1.28e-06-5.50e-020.0085
3099HK2HTA11_3410_2000001011HumanColorectumAD8.95e-04-3.41e-010.0155
3099HK2HTA11_347_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.64e-188.80e-01-0.1954
3099HK2HTA11_7696_3000711011HumanColorectumAD1.64e-02-2.37e-010.0674
3099HK2A002-C-010HumanColorectumFAP1.31e-02-2.41e-010.242
3099HK2A001-C-207HumanColorectumFAP2.03e-02-2.83e-010.1278
3099HK2A015-C-203HumanColorectumFAP2.19e-15-3.82e-01-0.1294
3099HK2A002-C-201HumanColorectumFAP2.59e-05-2.76e-010.0324
3099HK2A002-C-203HumanColorectumFAP3.18e-03-1.99e-010.2786
3099HK2A001-C-119HumanColorectumFAP4.82e-06-3.84e-01-0.1557
3099HK2A001-C-108HumanColorectumFAP2.56e-10-3.00e-01-0.0272
3099HK2A002-C-205HumanColorectumFAP1.28e-11-4.02e-01-0.1236
3099HK2A001-C-104HumanColorectumFAP6.08e-09-3.38e-010.0184
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LungThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AAH: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
IAC: Invasive lung adenocarcinoma
MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00460349BreastPrecancerATP metabolic process82/1080277/187231.94e-365.19e-3382
GO:00060918BreastPrecancergeneration of precursor metabolites and energy94/1080490/187231.54e-251.64e-2294
GO:00362939BreastPrecancerresponse to decreased oxygen levels53/1080322/187234.09e-126.84e-1053
GO:00016669BreastPrecancerresponse to hypoxia51/1080307/187237.33e-121.11e-0951
GO:00704829BreastPrecancerresponse to oxygen levels55/1080347/187237.47e-121.11e-0955
GO:00068398BreastPrecancermitochondrial transport45/1080254/187231.37e-111.88e-0945
GO:00086378BreastPrecancerapoptotic mitochondrial changes23/1080107/187233.44e-082.12e-0623
GO:00196938BreastPrecancerribose phosphate metabolic process49/1080396/187233.81e-071.78e-0549
GO:00091509BreastPrecancerpurine ribonucleotide metabolic process46/1080368/187236.47e-072.71e-0546
GO:00091179BreastPrecancernucleotide metabolic process56/1080489/187237.40e-073.00e-0556
GO:00092598BreastPrecancerribonucleotide metabolic process47/1080385/187239.69e-073.84e-0547
GO:00469398BreastPrecancernucleotide phosphorylation20/1080101/187231.07e-064.18e-0520
GO:00067539BreastPrecancernucleoside phosphate metabolic process56/1080497/187231.24e-064.70e-0556
GO:00451859BreastPrecancermaintenance of protein location19/108094/187231.43e-065.35e-0519
GO:00061639BreastPrecancerpurine nucleotide metabolic process47/1080396/187232.14e-067.50e-0547
GO:00091858BreastPrecancerribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process20/1080106/187232.37e-068.17e-0520
GO:00060968BreastPrecancerglycolytic process17/108081/187232.94e-069.73e-0517
GO:00061658BreastPrecancernucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation19/108099/187233.23e-061.05e-0419
GO:00067578BreastPrecancerATP generation from ADP17/108082/187233.52e-061.13e-0417
GO:00512358BreastPrecancermaintenance of location40/1080327/187235.85e-061.71e-0440
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0513118BreastPrecancerShigellosis44/684247/84653.91e-076.86e-065.26e-0644
hsa0406616BreastPrecancerHIF-1 signaling pathway23/684109/84651.51e-051.59e-041.22e-0423
hsa0001010BreastPrecancerGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis13/68467/84652.39e-031.51e-021.16e-0213
hsa052309BreastPrecancerCentral carbon metabolism in cancer13/68470/84653.57e-032.17e-021.66e-0213
hsa0120012BreastPrecancerCarbon metabolism18/684115/84654.79e-032.75e-022.11e-0218
hsa0513119BreastPrecancerShigellosis44/684247/84653.91e-076.86e-065.26e-0644
hsa0406617BreastPrecancerHIF-1 signaling pathway23/684109/84651.51e-051.59e-041.22e-0423
hsa0001013BreastPrecancerGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis13/68467/84652.39e-031.51e-021.16e-0213
hsa0523012BreastPrecancerCentral carbon metabolism in cancer13/68470/84653.57e-032.17e-021.66e-0213
hsa0120013BreastPrecancerCarbon metabolism18/684115/84654.79e-032.75e-022.11e-0218
hsa0513124BreastIDCShigellosis47/867247/84651.78e-052.00e-041.49e-0447
hsa0406623BreastIDCHIF-1 signaling pathway22/867109/84651.36e-031.00e-027.50e-0322
hsa0513134BreastIDCShigellosis47/867247/84651.78e-052.00e-041.49e-0447
hsa0406633BreastIDCHIF-1 signaling pathway22/867109/84651.36e-031.00e-027.50e-0322
hsa0513144BreastDCISShigellosis46/846247/84652.06e-052.38e-041.75e-0446
hsa0513154BreastDCISShigellosis46/846247/84652.06e-052.38e-041.75e-0446
hsa05131ColorectumADShigellosis109/2092247/84651.09e-112.44e-101.55e-10109
hsa01200ColorectumADCarbon metabolism55/2092115/84655.53e-088.42e-075.37e-0755
hsa00010ColorectumADGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis34/209267/84653.63e-064.34e-052.77e-0534
hsa04066ColorectumADHIF-1 signaling pathway48/2092109/84657.25e-067.84e-055.00e-0548
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
HK2SNVMissense_Mutationc.2615N>Tp.Ala872Valp.A872VP52789protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)possibly_damaging(0.652)TCGA-A7-A26E-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVChemotherapycytoxanSD
HK2SNVMissense_Mutationc.749N>Cp.Gly250Alap.G250AP52789protein_codingdeleterious(0.04)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-A8-A09Z-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
HK2SNVMissense_Mutationc.850G>Tp.Gly284Cysp.G284CP52789protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)probably_damaging(0.988)TCGA-AN-A0XN-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
HK2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.2186N>Gp.Val729Glyp.V729GP52789protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-BH-A0HO-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycyclophosphamideSD
HK2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.1160N>Tp.Ala387Valp.A387VP52789protein_codingdeleterious(0)benign(0.248)TCGA-C8-A1HJ-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
HK2insertionFrame_Shift_Insrs753492504c.1538_1539insAp.Thr514HisfsTer63p.T514Hfs*63P52789protein_codingTCGA-A8-A06T-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVHormone TherapyanastrozoleSD
HK2insertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.1552_1553insTTATTGTTCp.Ala518delinsValIleValProp.A518delinsVIVPP52789protein_codingTCGA-AO-A03R-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapydoxorubicinSD
HK2insertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.1554_1555insGTCTTTACTCTTAGp.Thr519ValfsTer78p.T519Vfs*78P52789protein_codingTCGA-AO-A03R-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapydoxorubicinSD
HK2deletionFrame_Shift_Delnovelc.5delNp.Ile2MetfsTer60p.I2Mfs*60P52789protein_codingTCGA-EW-A2FV-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapydocetaxelSD
HK2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.1187G>Ap.Arg396Hisp.R396HP52789protein_codingtolerated(0.14)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-2W-A8YY-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
3099HK2ENZYME, KINASEVDA-1102 topical ointment
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