Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: GPC3

Gene summary for GPC3

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

GPC3

Gene ID

2719

Gene nameglypican 3
Gene AliasDGSX
CytomapXq26.2
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0001503

UniProtAcc

P51654


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
2719GPC3M5HumanBreastIDC1.11e-095.54e-010.1598
2719GPC3HTA11_78_2000001011HumanColorectumAD4.30e-052.21e-01-0.1088
2719GPC3HTA11_347_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.36e-061.76e-01-0.1954
2719GPC3HTA11_83_2000001011HumanColorectumSER1.14e-105.44e-01-0.1526
2719GPC3HTA11_1391_2000001011HumanColorectumAD4.38e-061.99e-01-0.059
2719GPC3HTA11_6801_2000001011HumanColorectumSER1.28e-054.22e-010.0171
2719GPC3HTA11_7696_3000711011HumanColorectumAD9.00e-041.79e-010.0674
2719GPC3HTA11_99999965062_69753HumanColorectumMSI-H1.01e-034.65e-010.3487
2719GPC3HTA11_99999965104_69814HumanColorectumMSS4.24e-742.22e+000.281
2719GPC3LZE2THumanEsophagusESCC6.39e-081.17e+000.082
2719GPC3LZE24THumanEsophagusESCC4.24e-169.16e-010.0596
2719GPC3P2T-EHumanEsophagusESCC4.21e-041.42e-010.1177
2719GPC3P4T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.09e-103.73e-010.1323
2719GPC3P8T-EHumanEsophagusESCC5.51e-083.61e-010.0889
2719GPC3P9T-EHumanEsophagusESCC3.98e-046.69e-010.1131
2719GPC3P10T-EHumanEsophagusESCC2.95e-1313.69e+000.116
2719GPC3P12T-EHumanEsophagusESCC4.07e-1173.63e+000.1122
2719GPC3P15T-EHumanEsophagusESCC8.49e-338.78e-010.1149
2719GPC3P22T-EHumanEsophagusESCC6.93e-811.80e+000.1236
2719GPC3P23T-EHumanEsophagusESCC8.18e-189.17e-010.108
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:005254714BreastIDCregulation of peptidase activity96/1434461/187237.58e-206.15e-1796
GO:004586114BreastIDCnegative regulation of proteolysis70/1434351/187238.21e-142.22e-1170
GO:005134613BreastIDCnegative regulation of hydrolase activity71/1434379/187231.33e-122.90e-1071
GO:001046613BreastIDCnegative regulation of peptidase activity56/1434262/187231.39e-122.92e-1056
GO:004217614BreastIDCregulation of protein catabolic process63/1434391/187231.32e-089.61e-0763
GO:000166714BreastIDCameboidal-type cell migration64/1434475/187236.65e-062.05e-0464
GO:005067313BreastIDCepithelial cell proliferation60/1434437/187237.13e-062.15e-0460
GO:003009914BreastIDCmyeloid cell differentiation54/1434381/187238.07e-062.39e-0454
GO:005067812BreastIDCregulation of epithelial cell proliferation54/1434381/187238.07e-062.39e-0454
GO:004573214BreastIDCpositive regulation of protein catabolic process37/1434231/187231.46e-053.71e-0437
GO:000257312BreastIDCmyeloid leukocyte differentiation33/1434208/187235.02e-051.09e-0333
GO:000989614BreastIDCpositive regulation of catabolic process62/1434492/187237.06e-051.42e-0362
GO:190547513BreastIDCregulation of protein localization to membrane28/1434175/187231.56e-042.71e-0328
GO:006056212BreastIDCepithelial tube morphogenesis44/1434325/187231.58e-042.73e-0344
GO:00303244BreastIDClung development28/1434177/187231.90e-043.15e-0328
GO:00303234BreastIDCrespiratory tube development28/1434181/187232.78e-044.26e-0328
GO:00611383BreastIDCmorphogenesis of a branching epithelium28/1434182/187233.05e-044.60e-0328
GO:00605412BreastIDCrespiratory system development30/1434203/187233.85e-045.40e-0330
GO:00017635BreastIDCmorphogenesis of a branching structure29/1434196/187234.68e-046.26e-0329
GO:004580713BreastIDCpositive regulation of endocytosis18/1434100/187235.40e-046.96e-0318
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa05205ColorectumADProteoglycans in cancer70/2092205/84651.37e-038.46e-035.39e-0370
hsa052051ColorectumADProteoglycans in cancer70/2092205/84651.37e-038.46e-035.39e-0370
hsa052052ColorectumSERProteoglycans in cancer58/1580205/84654.37e-043.82e-032.77e-0358
hsa052053ColorectumSERProteoglycans in cancer58/1580205/84654.37e-043.82e-032.77e-0358
hsa052054ColorectumMSSProteoglycans in cancer65/1875205/84658.66e-045.38e-033.29e-0365
hsa052055ColorectumMSSProteoglycans in cancer65/1875205/84658.66e-045.38e-033.29e-0365
hsa0520529EsophagusESCCProteoglycans in cancer138/4205205/84651.79e-071.40e-067.15e-07138
hsa0520537EsophagusESCCProteoglycans in cancer138/4205205/84651.79e-071.40e-067.15e-07138
hsa0520521LiverHCCProteoglycans in cancer121/4020205/84655.22e-042.18e-031.21e-03121
hsa0520531LiverHCCProteoglycans in cancer121/4020205/84655.22e-042.18e-031.21e-03121
hsa0520526Oral cavityOSCCProteoglycans in cancer128/3704205/84654.00e-083.12e-071.59e-07128
hsa05205111Oral cavityOSCCProteoglycans in cancer128/3704205/84654.00e-083.12e-071.59e-07128
hsa0520527Oral cavityLPProteoglycans in cancer77/2418205/84653.01e-031.29e-028.35e-0377
hsa0520536Oral cavityLPProteoglycans in cancer77/2418205/84653.01e-031.29e-028.35e-0377
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
GPC3SNVMissense_Mutationc.427N>Cp.Glu143Glnp.E143QP51654protein_codingtolerated(0.26)benign(0.023)TCGA-A8-A07U-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVChemotherapy5-fluorouracilSD
GPC3SNVMissense_Mutationc.596N>Ap.Arg199Glnp.R199QP51654protein_codingdeleterious(0.03)benign(0.087)TCGA-A8-A0A9-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIHormone TherapyanastrozoleSD
GPC3SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.901C>Ap.Leu301Metp.L301MP51654protein_codingtolerated(0.07)possibly_damaging(0.722)TCGA-AN-A046-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GPC3insertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.898_899insCTGTAGACACTCTACTGATCTATCAAACACTGAGTCTTATCAp.Tyr299_Ile300insThrValAspThrLeuLeuIleTyrGlnThrLeuSerLeuIlep.Y299_I300insTVDTLLIYQTLSLIP51654protein_codingTCGA-A7-A0CG-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GPC3insertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.350_351insGGTCCCCCACCCTTGGATGGCTCCAAGAACTTTTCAAGTTCTCAAp.Ile117delinsMetValProHisProTrpMetAlaProArgThrPheGlnValLeuAsnp.I117delinsMVPHPWMAPRTFQVLNP51654protein_codingTCGA-A8-A07G-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapy5-fluorouracilCR
GPC3insertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.930_931insATCTATCAp.Tyr311IlefsTer34p.Y311Ifs*34P51654protein_codingTCGA-AO-A0JB-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapycyclophosphamideSD
GPC3insertionNonsense_Mutationnovelc.929_930insAGATTACTATACACTGTAGACACTCTACTp.Met310IlefsTer7p.M310Ifs*7P51654protein_codingTCGA-AO-A0JB-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapycyclophosphamideSD
GPC3insertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.915_916insATTCACCCACAAACTCAAAAGCTTGTGGAGTCAGGp.Leu306IlefsTer14p.L306Ifs*14P51654protein_codingTCGA-AO-A128-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapydoxorubicinSD
GPC3insertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.1257_1258insCTCAATTTATATp.Lys419_Ser420insLeuAsnLeuTyrp.K419_S420insLNLYP51654protein_codingTCGA-BH-A0B1-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapyadriamycinSD
GPC3SNVMissense_Mutationc.1165C>Tp.Leu389Phep.L389FP51654protein_codingtolerated(0.71)benign(0.012)TCGA-EK-A2PG-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLEGPC3 targeting CAR-T cells
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLECAR-T cells targeting GPC3
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLECAR-GPC3 T cell
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLERG7686
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLEGPC-3298306
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLECAR-GPC3 T Cells
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLEAnti-GPC3 CAR T
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLEERY974ERY-974
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLECAR-GPC3 T cells
2719GPC3DRUGGABLE GENOME, CELL SURFACE, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLETAI-GPC3-CART cells
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