Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: GHRL

Gene summary for GHRL

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

GHRL

Gene ID

51738

Gene nameghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide
Gene AliasMTLRP
Cytomap3p25.3
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000003

UniProtAcc

Q9UBU3


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
51738GHRLPat02-BHumanStomachGC1.59e-062.39e-020.0368
51738GHRLPat05-BHumanStomachGC4.22e-051.48e-01-0.0353
51738GHRLPat06-BHumanStomachGC6.41e-474.35e-01-0.1961
51738GHRLPat15-BHumanStomachGC6.61e-092.43e-01-0.0778
51738GHRLPat24-BHumanStomachGC2.39e-741.30e+00-0.1184
51738GHRLPat28-AHumanStomachCSG3.50e-173.10e-01-0.2594
51738GHRLPat29-AHumanStomachCAG with IM1.92e-441.13e+00-0.2769
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
GCThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis
CAG with IM: Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis
GC: Gastric cancer
SIM: Severe intestinal metaplasia
WIM: Wild intestinal metaplasia
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:0007586StomachGCdigestion38/1159137/187231.80e-151.22e-1238
GO:00226006StomachGCdigestive system process30/1159104/187235.40e-132.10e-1030
GO:00070156StomachGCactin filament organization67/1159442/187237.96e-122.20e-0967
GO:00097436StomachGCresponse to carbohydrate40/1159253/187234.13e-082.85e-0640
GO:00342846StomachGCresponse to monosaccharide37/1159225/187234.67e-083.17e-0637
GO:00097466StomachGCresponse to hexose36/1159219/187237.14e-084.62e-0636
GO:00097496StomachGCresponse to glucose33/1159212/187238.93e-074.33e-0533
GO:00316676StomachGCresponse to nutrient levels56/1159474/187232.47e-061.06e-0456
GO:00713315StomachGCcellular response to hexose stimulus25/1159153/187237.68e-062.77e-0425
GO:00713265StomachGCcellular response to monosaccharide stimulus25/1159154/187238.64e-062.97e-0425
GO:00713335StomachGCcellular response to glucose stimulus24/1159151/187231.87e-055.77e-0424
GO:00713225StomachGCcellular response to carbohydrate stimulus25/1159163/187232.36e-056.90e-0425
GO:00425935StomachGCglucose homeostasis34/1159258/187232.54e-057.31e-0434
GO:00335005StomachGCcarbohydrate homeostasis34/1159259/187232.76e-057.80e-0434
GO:00081546StomachGCactin polymerization or depolymerization30/1159218/187233.29e-058.94e-0430
GO:19049516StomachGCpositive regulation of establishment of protein localization39/1159319/187233.79e-059.76e-0439
GO:00716925StomachGCprotein localization to extracellular region43/1159368/187234.61e-051.11e-0343
GO:00093065StomachGCprotein secretion42/1159359/187235.46e-051.29e-0342
GO:00355925StomachGCestablishment of protein localization to extracellular region42/1159360/187235.82e-051.34e-0342
GO:00016785StomachGCcellular glucose homeostasis25/1159172/187235.90e-051.35e-0325
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationc.196N>Ap.Glu66Lysp.E66KQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.12)possibly_damaging(0.492)TCGA-A8-A06Q-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs767976379c.187N>Ap.Gly63Serp.G63SQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.8)benign(0.029)TCGA-BH-A0EB-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIHormone TherapyarimidexSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs540101934c.40N>Ap.Gly14Serp.G14SQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(1)benign(0)TCGA-G4-6628-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.122N>Tp.Ser41Leup.S41LQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.19)possibly_damaging(0.448)TCGA-A5-A2K5-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.337G>Tp.Ala113Serp.A113SQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.23)benign(0.272)TCGA-AP-A1E1-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.290N>Tp.Ala97Valp.A97VQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.29)possibly_damaging(0.809)TCGA-AX-A1CE-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnspecificPaclitaxelSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs567867101c.173G>Ap.Arg58Hisp.R58HQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.28)benign(0)TCGA-EO-A3KX-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.122C>Tp.Ser41Leup.S41LQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.19)possibly_damaging(0.448)TCGA-FI-A2D4-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapycarboplatinumPD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs372434370c.208N>Tp.Asp70Tyrp.D70YQ9UBU3protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.905)TCGA-PG-A915-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs756969269c.178G>Ap.Glu60Lysp.E60KQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.05)possibly_damaging(0.689)TCGA-90-A4ED-01Lunglung squamous cell carcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEROFECOXIBROFECOXIB16868036
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMERALOXIFENERALOXIFENE18164562
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEHUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN17535999
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEPIOGLITAZONEPIOGLITAZONE16682836
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEUnacylated ghrelin
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMERISPERIDONERISPERIDONE18480685
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMERelamorelinRELAMORELIN
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEARD-07MACIMORELIN
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEPLANT STEROLS18066136
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEINSULININSULIN17449920
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