Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: CTSH

Gene summary for CTSH

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

CTSH

Gene ID

1512

Gene namecathepsin H
Gene AliasACC-4
Cytomap15q25.1
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000165

UniProtAcc

P09668


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
1512CTSHGSM4909282HumanBreastIDC1.97e-114.21e-01-0.0288
1512CTSHGSM4909291HumanBreastIDC2.29e-104.99e-010.1753
1512CTSHGSM4909304HumanBreastIDC3.07e-02-1.28e-010.1636
1512CTSHGSM4909305HumanBreastIDC2.23e-053.15e-010.0436
1512CTSHGSM4909306HumanBreastIDC3.34e-032.95e-010.1564
1512CTSHGSM4909311HumanBreastIDC3.27e-05-2.05e-020.1534
1512CTSHGSM4909319HumanBreastIDC3.46e-08-8.06e-020.1563
1512CTSHGSM4909321HumanBreastIDC2.87e-032.24e-010.1559
1512CTSHNCCBC11HumanBreastDCIS9.89e-034.69e-010.1232
1512CTSHNCCBC14HumanBreastDCIS3.87e-042.46e-010.2021
1512CTSHNCCBC3HumanBreastDCIS2.42e-125.40e-010.1198
1512CTSHNCCBC5HumanBreastDCIS1.50e-094.71e-010.2046
1512CTSHDCIS2HumanBreastDCIS4.62e-542.55e-010.0085
1512CTSHCA_HPV_1HumanCervixCC6.80e-032.50e-010.0264
1512CTSHCA_HPV_3HumanCervixCC1.08e-04-2.50e-020.0414
1512CTSHN_HPV_2HumanCervixN_HPV1.89e-031.07e-01-0.0131
1512CTSHCCI_2HumanCervixCC1.06e-04-5.88e-010.5249
1512CTSHCCI_3HumanCervixCC1.14e-06-5.70e-010.516
1512CTSHCCII_1HumanCervixCC9.97e-03-3.90e-010.3249
1512CTSHTumorHumanCervixCC2.81e-061.33e-010.1241
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EndometriumThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AEH: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
EEC: Endometrioid Cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LungThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AAH: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
IAC: Invasive lung adenocarcinoma
MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:200123314BreastIDCregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway82/1434356/187236.27e-205.93e-1782
GO:005254714BreastIDCregulation of peptidase activity96/1434461/187237.58e-206.15e-1796
GO:005254814BreastIDCregulation of endopeptidase activity88/1434432/187231.20e-174.85e-1588
GO:200011614BreastIDCregulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity55/1434235/187234.25e-141.21e-1155
GO:004328114BreastIDCregulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process50/1434209/187232.49e-136.14e-1150
GO:004586214BreastIDCpositive regulation of proteolysis66/1434372/187239.76e-111.29e-0866
GO:200123514BreastIDCpositive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway31/1434126/187234.13e-093.35e-0731
GO:001095214BreastIDCpositive regulation of peptidase activity40/1434197/187231.04e-087.67e-0740
GO:004328013BreastIDCpositive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process29/1434129/187231.10e-076.35e-0629
GO:003164714BreastIDCregulation of protein stability50/1434298/187231.14e-076.57e-0650
GO:200105613BreastIDCpositive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity31/1434148/187232.22e-071.17e-0531
GO:001095013BreastIDCpositive regulation of endopeptidase activity35/1434179/187232.24e-071.17e-0535
GO:000691911BreastIDCactivation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process19/143478/187234.75e-061.63e-0419
GO:000166714BreastIDCameboidal-type cell migration64/1434475/187236.65e-062.05e-0464
GO:001063112BreastIDCepithelial cell migration51/1434357/187231.14e-053.08e-0451
GO:009013212BreastIDCepithelium migration51/1434360/187231.44e-053.70e-0451
GO:009013012BreastIDCtissue migration51/1434365/187232.11e-055.11e-0451
GO:001063212BreastIDCregulation of epithelial cell migration43/1434292/187232.61e-056.17e-0443
GO:001063413BreastIDCpositive regulation of epithelial cell migration30/1434176/187232.76e-056.50e-0430
GO:00198829BreastIDCantigen processing and presentation20/1434106/187231.41e-042.49e-0320
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0421022BreastIDCApoptosis31/867136/84651.34e-051.61e-041.20e-0431
hsa0421032BreastIDCApoptosis31/867136/84651.34e-051.61e-041.20e-0431
hsa0421041BreastDCISApoptosis29/846136/84655.92e-055.97e-044.40e-0429
hsa0421051BreastDCISApoptosis29/846136/84655.92e-055.97e-044.40e-0429
hsa042109CervixCCApoptosis36/1267136/84653.21e-041.68e-039.91e-0436
hsa0421014CervixCCApoptosis36/1267136/84653.21e-041.68e-039.91e-0436
hsa0421023CervixHSIL_HPVApoptosis16/459136/84652.74e-031.78e-021.44e-0216
hsa0421033CervixHSIL_HPVApoptosis16/459136/84652.74e-031.78e-021.44e-0216
hsa0421042CervixN_HPVApoptosis14/349136/84651.40e-039.06e-037.08e-0314
hsa0421052CervixN_HPVApoptosis14/349136/84651.40e-039.06e-037.08e-0314
hsa04142ColorectumSERLysosome38/1580132/84652.87e-032.03e-021.47e-0238
hsa041421ColorectumSERLysosome38/1580132/84652.87e-032.03e-021.47e-0238
hsa04210ColorectumMSSApoptosis44/1875136/84653.66e-031.66e-021.01e-0244
hsa042101ColorectumMSSApoptosis44/1875136/84653.66e-031.66e-021.01e-0244
hsa0421010EndometriumAEHApoptosis30/1197136/84657.72e-034.05e-022.96e-0230
hsa0421015EndometriumAEHApoptosis30/1197136/84657.72e-034.05e-022.96e-0230
hsa0421024EndometriumEECApoptosis31/1237136/84656.72e-033.25e-022.42e-0231
hsa0421034EndometriumEECApoptosis31/1237136/84656.72e-033.25e-022.42e-0231
hsa0414222EsophagusESCCLysosome102/4205132/84655.11e-117.13e-103.65e-10102
hsa0421027EsophagusESCCApoptosis102/4205136/84651.05e-091.21e-086.21e-09102
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.361N>Ap.Asp121Asnp.D121NP09668protein_codingtolerated(0.05)probably_damaging(0.926)TCGA-2W-A8YY-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationc.760N>Cp.Glu254Glnp.E254QP09668protein_codingtolerated(0.51)possibly_damaging(0.714)TCGA-C5-A1M6-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinPD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationc.760N>Cp.Glu254Glnp.E254QP09668protein_codingtolerated(0.51)possibly_damaging(0.714)TCGA-IR-A3LK-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinPD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.389C>Tp.Ser130Leup.S130LP09668protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)probably_damaging(0.979)TCGA-VS-A959-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationc.526T>Cp.Phe176Leup.F176LP09668protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-AA-3672-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.723N>Tp.Glu241Aspp.E241DP09668protein_codingtolerated(0.46)benign(0.006)TCGA-AA-3947-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationrs543936667c.34G>Ap.Ala12Thrp.A12TP09668protein_codingtolerated_low_confidence(0.06)benign(0)TCGA-AA-A010-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapyfolinicCR
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationrs747510233c.706N>Ap.Glu236Lysp.E236KP09668protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-AZ-4315-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.517N>Ap.Ala173Thrp.A173TP09668protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.983)TCGA-AZ-4315-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CTSHSNVMissense_Mutationc.469N>Ap.Ala157Thrp.A157TP09668protein_codingtolerated(0.2)benign(0.039)TCGA-G4-6320-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65III/IVChemotherapyoxaliplatinSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
1512CTSHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYME, PROTEASEinhibitor336446936
1512CTSHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYME, PROTEASEinhibitor252166814
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