Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: CES2

Gene summary for CES2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

CES2

Gene ID

8824

Gene namecarboxylesterase 2
Gene AliasCE-2
Cytomap16q22.1
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0006082

UniProtAcc

A0A024R6X1


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
8824CES2HTA11_2487_2000001011HumanColorectumSER2.53e-381.67e+00-0.1808
8824CES2HTA11_1938_2000001011HumanColorectumAD4.41e-097.89e-01-0.0811
8824CES2HTA11_78_2000001011HumanColorectumAD6.81e-171.48e+00-0.1088
8824CES2HTA11_347_2000001011HumanColorectumAD5.61e-852.80e+00-0.1954
8824CES2HTA11_411_2000001011HumanColorectumSER2.07e-172.63e+00-0.2602
8824CES2HTA11_2112_2000001011HumanColorectumSER2.05e-121.83e+00-0.2196
8824CES2HTA11_3361_2000001011HumanColorectumAD4.81e-111.16e+00-0.1207
8824CES2HTA11_83_2000001011HumanColorectumSER5.68e-352.16e+00-0.1526
8824CES2HTA11_696_2000001011HumanColorectumAD4.42e-401.92e+00-0.1464
8824CES2HTA11_866_2000001011HumanColorectumAD3.26e-281.37e+00-0.1001
8824CES2HTA11_1391_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.00e-221.36e+00-0.059
8824CES2HTA11_2992_2000001011HumanColorectumSER3.06e-111.83e+00-0.1706
8824CES2HTA11_5212_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.49e-252.19e+00-0.2061
8824CES2HTA11_5216_2000001011HumanColorectumSER6.83e-151.81e+00-0.1462
8824CES2HTA11_546_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.58e-091.21e+00-0.0842
8824CES2HTA11_9341_2000001011HumanColorectumSER4.02e-071.15e+00-0.00410000000000005
8824CES2HTA11_7862_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.62e-081.01e+00-0.0179
8824CES2HTA11_8622_2000001021HumanColorectumSER4.44e-058.02e-010.0528
8824CES2HTA11_10623_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.44e-078.96e-01-0.0177
8824CES2HTA11_7469_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.70e-041.05e+00-0.0124
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
GCThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis
CAG with IM: Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis
GC: Gastric cancer
SIM: Severe intestinal metaplasia
WIM: Wild intestinal metaplasia
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:0006631ColorectumADfatty acid metabolic process114/3918390/187235.58e-059.44e-04114
GO:00066311ColorectumSERfatty acid metabolic process79/2897390/187236.34e-034.56e-0279
GO:00066312ColorectumMSSfatty acid metabolic process95/3467390/187232.20e-031.84e-0295
GO:00066313ColorectumFAPfatty acid metabolic process81/2622390/187231.43e-042.24e-0381
GO:00066314ColorectumCRCfatty acid metabolic process65/2078390/187235.30e-047.42e-0365
GO:00066318EsophagusESCCfatty acid metabolic process217/8552390/187234.21e-053.39e-04217
GO:000669211EsophagusESCCprostanoid metabolic process33/855249/187231.80e-038.26e-0333
GO:000669311EsophagusESCCprostaglandin metabolic process33/855249/187231.80e-038.26e-0333
GO:00066316LiverNAFLDfatty acid metabolic process92/1882390/187233.38e-153.29e-1292
GO:00335596LiverNAFLDunsaturated fatty acid metabolic process24/1882116/187234.64e-046.74e-0324
GO:00066906LiverNAFLDicosanoid metabolic process22/1882123/187235.33e-034.11e-0222
GO:000663112LiverCirrhoticfatty acid metabolic process165/4634390/187231.29e-141.26e-12165
GO:00066926LiverCirrhoticprostanoid metabolic process22/463449/187231.64e-031.05e-0222
GO:00066936LiverCirrhoticprostaglandin metabolic process22/463449/187231.64e-031.05e-0222
GO:003355911LiverCirrhoticunsaturated fatty acid metabolic process43/4634116/187232.09e-031.29e-0243
GO:000663122LiverHCCfatty acid metabolic process238/7958390/187238.24e-144.84e-12238
GO:00066317Oral cavityOSCCfatty acid metabolic process186/7305390/187232.65e-041.69e-03186
GO:00066928Oral cavityOSCCprostanoid metabolic process29/730549/187233.33e-031.42e-0229
GO:00066938Oral cavityOSCCprostaglandin metabolic process29/730549/187233.33e-031.42e-0229
GO:00066315StomachGCfatty acid metabolic process55/1159390/187238.63e-098.38e-0755
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa00983LiverCirrhoticDrug metabolism - other enzymes34/253080/84651.08e-023.57e-022.20e-0234
hsa009831LiverCirrhoticDrug metabolism - other enzymes34/253080/84651.08e-023.57e-022.20e-0234
hsa009832LiverHCCDrug metabolism - other enzymes54/402080/84652.25e-041.09e-036.08e-0454
hsa009833LiverHCCDrug metabolism - other enzymes54/402080/84652.25e-041.09e-036.08e-0454
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationc.724N>Tp.Arg242Cysp.R242Cprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-BH-A202-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycarboplatinCR
CES2insertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.229_230insGGAp.Val77delinsGlyMetp.V77delinsGMprotein_codingTCGA-A8-A0A4-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIHormone TherapytamoxiphenCR
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.223A>Gp.Ser75Glyp.S75Gprotein_codingtolerated(0.39)benign(0.273)TCGA-C5-A8XJ-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinSD
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationrs773056840c.184N>Cp.Glu62Glnp.E62Qprotein_codingtolerated(0.18)benign(0.186)TCGA-LP-A5U2-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationrs761698722c.808N>Tp.Arg270Cysp.R270Cprotein_codingdeleterious(0)benign(0.033)TCGA-AA-3864-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationrs371064921c.878N>Tp.Ala293Valp.A293Vprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.997)TCGA-AA-A02R-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationrs753837525c.1766N>Tp.Ala589Valp.A589Vprotein_codingtolerated(0.18)benign(0.012)TCGA-CM-6162-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapyoxaliplatinSD
CES2deletionFrame_Shift_Delc.1470delTp.Gln491SerfsTer27p.Q491Sfs*27protein_codingTCGA-A6-3809-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.1538N>Tp.Arg513Metp.R513Mprotein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.878)TCGA-A5-A0G2-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
CES2SNVMissense_Mutationrs139864573c.634G>Ap.Gly212Serp.G212Sprotein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-AP-A1DK-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
8824CES2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMESN-387-ETHYL-10-HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECIN
8824CES2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEirinotecanIRINOTECAN
8824CES2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEmycophenolate mofetil24220207
8824CES2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEmycophenolic acid24220207
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