Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: CA2

Gene summary for CA2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

CA2

Gene ID

760

Gene namecarbonic anhydrase 2
Gene AliasCA-II
Cytomap8q21.2
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0001655

UniProtAcc

P00918


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
760CA2GSM4909282HumanBreastIDC2.46e-02-2.95e-01-0.0288
760CA2GSM4909286HumanBreastIDC7.93e-11-3.78e-010.1081
760CA2GSM4909287HumanBreastIDC2.09e-07-3.42e-010.2057
760CA2GSM4909291HumanBreastIDC1.17e-04-3.56e-010.1753
760CA2GSM4909293HumanBreastIDC1.49e-04-3.48e-010.1581
760CA2GSM4909294HumanBreastIDC1.31e-05-3.34e-010.2022
760CA2GSM4909297HumanBreastIDC2.47e-135.58e-010.1517
760CA2GSM4909298HumanBreastIDC3.45e-04-3.21e-010.1551
760CA2GSM4909301HumanBreastIDC6.32e-11-3.73e-010.1577
760CA2GSM4909302HumanBreastIDC9.71e-13-3.67e-010.1545
760CA2GSM4909306HumanBreastIDC1.59e-05-3.21e-010.1564
760CA2GSM4909307HumanBreastIDC8.07e-09-3.56e-010.1569
760CA2GSM4909308HumanBreastIDC4.53e-13-3.79e-010.158
760CA2GSM4909309HumanBreastIDC1.15e-03-3.01e-010.0483
760CA2GSM4909311HumanBreastIDC2.87e-07-3.20e-010.1534
760CA2GSM4909312HumanBreastIDC5.27e-09-3.66e-010.1552
760CA2GSM4909313HumanBreastIDC5.15e-04-3.12e-010.0391
760CA2GSM4909315HumanBreastIDC6.74e-13-3.79e-010.21
760CA2GSM4909316HumanBreastIDC2.04e-03-3.79e-010.21
760CA2GSM4909319HumanBreastIDC5.52e-12-3.76e-010.1563
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
GCThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis
CAG with IM: Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis
GC: Gastric cancer
SIM: Severe intestinal metaplasia
WIM: Wild intestinal metaplasia
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00485459BreastPrecancerresponse to steroid hormone53/1080339/187233.07e-113.66e-0953
GO:00100389BreastPrecancerresponse to metal ion47/1080373/187233.88e-071.79e-0547
GO:00300999BreastPrecancermyeloid cell differentiation45/1080381/187234.00e-061.25e-0445
GO:00436273BreastPrecancerresponse to estrogen15/108075/187232.06e-054.83e-0415
GO:00456379BreastPrecancerregulation of myeloid cell differentiation28/1080210/187233.05e-056.72e-0428
GO:19037069BreastPrecancerregulation of hemopoiesis41/1080367/187233.95e-058.52e-0441
GO:00025737BreastPrecancermyeloid leukocyte differentiation27/1080208/187236.72e-051.35e-0327
GO:19021055BreastPrecancerregulation of leukocyte differentiation32/1080279/187231.66e-042.74e-0332
GO:00027613BreastPrecancerregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation17/1080120/187235.23e-046.74e-0317
GO:00456396BreastPrecancerpositive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation14/1080103/187232.34e-032.18e-0214
GO:00158336BreastPrecancerpeptide transport27/1080264/187232.84e-032.49e-0227
GO:00900875BreastPrecancerregulation of peptide transport22/1080202/187233.14e-032.65e-0222
GO:00018948BreastPrecancertissue homeostasis27/1080268/187233.49e-032.90e-0227
GO:00100435BreastPrecancerresponse to zinc ion9/108058/187235.67e-034.08e-029
GO:00300046BreastPrecancercellular monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis13/1080103/187236.26e-034.40e-0213
GO:004854514BreastIDCresponse to steroid hormone70/1434339/187231.34e-144.23e-1270
GO:001003814BreastIDCresponse to metal ion65/1434373/187232.95e-103.42e-0865
GO:003009914BreastIDCmyeloid cell differentiation54/1434381/187238.07e-062.39e-0454
GO:004362711BreastIDCresponse to estrogen17/143475/187234.05e-059.25e-0417
GO:000257312BreastIDCmyeloid leukocyte differentiation33/1434208/187235.02e-051.09e-0333
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0497114BreastPrecancerGastric acid secretion13/68476/84657.35e-034.07e-023.12e-0213
hsa0497115BreastPrecancerGastric acid secretion13/68476/84657.35e-034.07e-023.12e-0213
hsa0497122BreastIDCGastric acid secretion16/86776/84653.80e-032.33e-021.74e-0216
hsa0497132BreastIDCGastric acid secretion16/86776/84653.80e-032.33e-021.74e-0216
hsa0497142BreastDCISGastric acid secretion16/84676/84652.97e-031.81e-021.33e-0216
hsa0497152BreastDCISGastric acid secretion16/84676/84652.97e-031.81e-021.33e-0216
hsa04971ColorectumADGastric acid secretion29/209276/84656.25e-032.68e-021.71e-0229
hsa04972ColorectumADPancreatic secretion36/2092102/84651.06e-023.98e-022.54e-0236
hsa04964ColorectumADProximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation11/209223/84651.35e-024.86e-023.10e-0211
hsa049711ColorectumADGastric acid secretion29/209276/84656.25e-032.68e-021.71e-0229
hsa049721ColorectumADPancreatic secretion36/2092102/84651.06e-023.98e-022.54e-0236
hsa049641ColorectumADProximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation11/209223/84651.35e-024.86e-023.10e-0211
hsa049712ColorectumSERGastric acid secretion27/158076/84653.65e-043.27e-032.38e-0327
hsa049642ColorectumSERProximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation10/158023/84655.33e-033.28e-022.38e-0210
hsa049722ColorectumSERPancreatic secretion30/1580102/84655.41e-033.28e-022.38e-0230
hsa049713ColorectumSERGastric acid secretion27/158076/84653.65e-043.27e-032.38e-0327
hsa049643ColorectumSERProximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation10/158023/84655.33e-033.28e-022.38e-0210
hsa049723ColorectumSERPancreatic secretion30/1580102/84655.41e-033.28e-022.38e-0230
hsa049714ColorectumMSSGastric acid secretion27/187576/84655.20e-032.18e-021.34e-0227
hsa049724ColorectumMSSPancreatic secretion33/1875102/84651.09e-023.75e-022.30e-0233
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.744N>Tp.Gln248Hisp.Q248HP00918protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.989)TCGA-AQ-A54O-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaMale<65I/IIChemotherapyadriamycinCR
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationc.544N>Cp.Gly182Argp.G182RP00918protein_codingtolerated(0.06)benign(0.044)TCGA-E2-A1AZ-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapyadriamycinSD
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationc.214G>Ap.Asp72Asnp.D72NP00918protein_codingdeleterious(0)benign(0.023)TCGA-FU-A23K-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.398N>Tp.Ala133Valp.A133VP00918protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.983)TCGA-AZ-4315-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationc.740N>Tp.Ala247Valp.A247VP00918protein_codingtolerated(0.37)benign(0)TCGA-F4-6703-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationc.288C>Ap.His96Glnp.H96QP00918protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-F4-6807-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapyxelodaCR
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationrs777088645c.676N>Tp.Arg226Cysp.R226CP00918protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.919)TCGA-G4-6302-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CA2SNVMissense_Mutationrs555992309c.658N>Ap.Glu220Lysp.E220KP00918protein_codingtolerated(0.23)benign(0.018)TCGA-EI-6882-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CA2deletionFrame_Shift_Delc.434delNp.Leu147Terp.L147*P00918protein_codingTCGA-AA-3672-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
CA2insertionFrame_Shift_Insrs763603775c.440dupTp.Leu147PhefsTer7p.L147Ffs*7P00918protein_codingTCGA-AA-A022-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEPARABENPARABEN
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEACETAZOLAMIDEACETAZOLAMIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEinhibitorCHEMBL17DICHLORPHENAMIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEinhibitorCHEMBL220491BRINZOLAMIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEBRINZOLAMIDEBRINZOLAMIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEEthoxzolamideETHOXZOLAMIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEBenzthiazideBENZTHIAZIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMECOBALT107027
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMETRICHLORMETHIAZIDETRICHLORMETHIAZIDE
760CA2DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEChlorothiazideCHLOROTHIAZIDE
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