Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: LGALS9

Gene summary for LGALS9

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

LGALS9

Gene ID

3965

Gene namegalectin 9
Gene AliasHUAT
Cytomap17q11.2
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000003

UniProtAcc

O00182


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
3965LGALS9HTA11_3410_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.04e-104.39e-010.0155
3965LGALS9HTA11_2487_2000001011HumanColorectumSER5.36e-249.44e-01-0.1808
3965LGALS9HTA11_1938_2000001011HumanColorectumAD7.49e-127.31e-01-0.0811
3965LGALS9HTA11_78_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.39e-085.97e-01-0.1088
3965LGALS9HTA11_347_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.37e-421.17e+00-0.1954
3965LGALS9HTA11_411_2000001011HumanColorectumSER5.33e-051.05e+00-0.2602
3965LGALS9HTA11_2112_2000001011HumanColorectumSER1.91e-028.52e-01-0.2196
3965LGALS9HTA11_3361_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.33e-199.69e-01-0.1207
3965LGALS9HTA11_83_2000001011HumanColorectumSER9.10e-138.24e-01-0.1526
3965LGALS9HTA11_696_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.34e-338.88e-01-0.1464
3965LGALS9HTA11_866_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.57e-177.41e-01-0.1001
3965LGALS9HTA11_1391_2000001011HumanColorectumAD7.71e-259.18e-01-0.059
3965LGALS9HTA11_2992_2000001011HumanColorectumSER3.90e-046.42e-01-0.1706
3965LGALS9HTA11_5216_2000001011HumanColorectumSER4.07e-078.28e-01-0.1462
3965LGALS9HTA11_546_2000001011HumanColorectumAD3.35e-171.10e+00-0.0842
3965LGALS9HTA11_9341_2000001011HumanColorectumSER2.24e-025.51e-01-0.00410000000000005
3965LGALS9HTA11_7862_2000001011HumanColorectumAD8.53e-033.63e-01-0.0179
3965LGALS9HTA11_866_3004761011HumanColorectumAD8.83e-113.63e-010.096
3965LGALS9HTA11_4255_2000001011HumanColorectumSER4.70e-034.08e-010.0446
3965LGALS9HTA11_9408_2000001011HumanColorectumAD7.23e-041.01e+000.0451
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:0016032111EsophagusESCCviral process301/8552415/187233.34e-291.32e-26301
GO:005165617EsophagusESCCestablishment of organelle localization273/8552390/187239.13e-231.81e-20273
GO:0019058111EsophagusESCCviral life cycle226/8552317/187231.17e-201.76e-18226
GO:0045862111EsophagusESCCpositive regulation of proteolysis256/8552372/187237.88e-209.43e-18256
GO:000961518EsophagusESCCresponse to virus238/8552367/187236.65e-143.32e-12238
GO:004312318EsophagusESCCpositive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling132/8552186/187232.07e-128.58e-11132
GO:0050792111EsophagusESCCregulation of viral process119/8552164/187232.19e-129.03e-11119
GO:0043122110EsophagusESCCregulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling167/8552249/187236.11e-122.32e-10167
GO:2000116111EsophagusESCCregulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity158/8552235/187231.67e-115.90e-10158
GO:0043281111EsophagusESCCregulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process143/8552209/187232.12e-117.31e-10143
GO:000724919EsophagusESCCI-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling183/8552281/187233.02e-111.01e-09183
GO:1903900111EsophagusESCCregulation of viral life cycle106/8552148/187231.26e-103.72e-09106
GO:0044403111EsophagusESCCbiological process involved in symbiotic interaction186/8552290/187231.43e-104.16e-09186
GO:0010952111EsophagusESCCpositive regulation of peptidase activity133/8552197/187234.31e-101.14e-08133
GO:0052547111EsophagusESCCregulation of peptidase activity275/8552461/187237.54e-101.88e-08275
GO:0051701111EsophagusESCCbiological process involved in interaction with host135/8552203/187231.49e-093.49e-08135
GO:0052126111EsophagusESCCmovement in host environment117/8552175/187231.14e-082.26e-07117
GO:0048524110EsophagusESCCpositive regulation of viral process52/855265/187231.41e-082.77e-0752
GO:0052548111EsophagusESCCregulation of endopeptidase activity253/8552432/187233.68e-086.78e-07253
GO:004578527EsophagusESCCpositive regulation of cell adhesion255/8552437/187235.07e-089.11e-07255
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINBreastADJ
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINBreastADJ
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINBreastDCIS
LGALS9HAVCR2LGALS9_HAVCR2GALECTINBreastDCIS
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINBreastDCIS
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINBreastHealthy
LGALS9HAVCR2LGALS9_HAVCR2GALECTINBreastHealthy
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINBreastHealthy
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINBreastIDC
LGALS9HAVCR2LGALS9_HAVCR2GALECTINBreastIDC
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINBreastIDC
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINCervixADJ
LGALS9HAVCR2LGALS9_HAVCR2GALECTINCervixADJ
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINCervixADJ
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINCervixCC
LGALS9HAVCR2LGALS9_HAVCR2GALECTINCervixCC
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINCervixCC
LGALS9PTPRCLGALS9_CD45GALECTINCervixPrecancer
LGALS9HAVCR2LGALS9_HAVCR2GALECTINCervixPrecancer
LGALS9CD44LGALS9_CD44GALECTINCervixPrecancer
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.520C>Ap.Pro174Thrp.P174TO00182protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)benign(0.122)TCGA-AN-A0G0-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.70N>Ap.Gly24Serp.G24SO00182protein_codingtolerated(0.09)possibly_damaging(0.763)TCGA-C8-A27A-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapy5-fluorouracilCR
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.671N>Tp.Pro224Leup.P224LO00182protein_codingtolerated(0.17)benign(0.001)TCGA-EA-A410-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationc.25N>Tp.Pro9Serp.P9SO00182protein_codingtolerated(0.08)benign(0.035)TCGA-IR-A3LA-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.595N>Gp.Thr199Alap.T199AO00182protein_codingtolerated(0.19)benign(0.003)TCGA-A6-2686-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationrs147965169c.812N>Ap.Arg271Hisp.R271HO00182protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)possibly_damaging(0.78)TCGA-AA-3672-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.217G>Ap.Val73Metp.V73MO00182protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-AA-3678-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapyfolinicCR
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationc.827C>Tp.Ala276Valp.A276VO00182protein_codingtolerated(0.26)benign(0.161)TCGA-AD-A5EJ-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationrs147965169c.812N>Ap.Arg271Hisp.R271HO00182protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)possibly_damaging(0.78)TCGA-D5-6530-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
LGALS9SNVMissense_Mutationrs753232858c.274C>Ap.Pro92Thrp.P92TO00182protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.998)TCGA-AG-A02X-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
3965LGALS9DRUGGABLE GENOME, TRANSPORTERLACTOSE, ANHYDROUSLACTOSE, ANHYDROUS21524586
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