Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: GCG

Gene summary for GCG

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

GCG

Gene ID

2641

Gene nameglucagon
Gene AliasGLP-1
Cytomap2q24.2
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000165

UniProtAcc

P01275


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
2641GCGHTA11_411_2000001011HumanColorectumSER2.19e-032.31e+00-0.2602
2641GCGHTA12-23-1HumanPancreasPDAC3.96e-026.49e-010.3405
2641GCGHTA12-26-1HumanPancreasPDAC2.68e-108.19e-010.3728
2641GCGHTA12-29-1HumanPancreasPDAC4.16e-083.25e-010.3722
2641GCGHTA12-9-1HumanPancreasPDAC2.87e-087.93e-010.1532
2641GCG4347-ECHumanPancreasPanIN7.60e-371.19e+000.0572
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00302165ProstateBPHkeratinocyte differentiation38/3107139/187239.35e-045.92e-0338
GO:00614363ProstateBPHestablishment of skin barrier10/310725/187234.57e-032.19e-0210
GO:00335613ProstateBPHregulation of water loss via skin10/310727/187238.58e-033.68e-0210
GO:000854415ProstateTumorepidermis development89/3246324/187233.15e-065.18e-0589
GO:004358815ProstateTumorskin development74/3246263/187238.28e-061.22e-0474
GO:000991314ProstateTumorepidermal cell differentiation58/3246202/187233.99e-054.60e-0458
GO:003021612ProstateTumorkeratinocyte differentiation41/3246139/187232.73e-042.24e-0341
GO:007170912ProstateTumormembrane assembly19/324650/187234.13e-043.16e-0319
GO:005087818ProstateTumorregulation of body fluid levels91/3246379/187235.37e-043.91e-0391
GO:004409112ProstateTumormembrane biogenesis20/324655/187235.74e-044.13e-0320
GO:006143612ProstateTumorestablishment of skin barrier11/324625/187231.71e-031.02e-0211
GO:003356111ProstateTumorregulation of water loss via skin11/324627/187233.57e-031.84e-0211
GO:00070093ProstateTumorplasma membrane organization36/3246142/187231.00e-024.20e-0236
GO:0007586StomachGCdigestion38/1159137/187231.80e-151.22e-1238
GO:00226006StomachGCdigestive system process30/1159104/187235.40e-132.10e-1030
GO:00508925StomachGCintestinal absorption18/115941/187238.10e-122.20e-0918
GO:0098856StomachGCintestinal lipid absorption10/115921/187231.50e-078.56e-0610
GO:00508786StomachGCregulation of body fluid levels40/1159379/187236.92e-049.20e-0340
GO:00085443StomachGCepidermis development33/1159324/187233.43e-032.96e-0233
GO:00099134StomachGCepidermal cell differentiation23/1159202/187233.50e-033.02e-0223
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa047142ColorectumSERThermogenesis106/1580232/84651.15e-216.34e-204.61e-20106
hsa049222ColorectumSERGlucagon signaling pathway38/1580107/84652.57e-053.28e-042.38e-0438
hsa047143ColorectumSERThermogenesis106/1580232/84651.15e-216.34e-204.61e-20106
hsa049223ColorectumSERGlucagon signaling pathway38/1580107/84652.57e-053.28e-042.38e-0438
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.322A>Tp.Ser108Cysp.S108CP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.983)TCGA-A8-A09W-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.286N>Cp.Glu96Glnp.E96QP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)possibly_damaging(0.849)TCGA-C5-A1M6-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinPD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.187N>Cp.Ser63Argp.S63RP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)possibly_damaging(0.776)TCGA-C5-A2LX-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.79N>Ap.Glu27Lysp.E27KP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)probably_damaging(0.939)TCGA-EK-A2PL-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.462G>Cp.Glu154Aspp.E154DP01275protein_codingtolerated(0.91)benign(0.039)TCGA-Q1-A5R2-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinPR
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.154C>Tp.Arg52Cysp.R52CP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-VS-A8QA-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationrs765979783c.167G>Ap.Gly56Aspp.G56DP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)probably_damaging(0.965)TCGA-AA-3710-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.14N>Gp.Tyr5Cysp.Y5CP01275protein_codingtolerated(0.06)benign(0.26)TCGA-AZ-4315-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.481N>Cp.Asn161Hisp.N161HP01275protein_codingtolerated(0.14)benign(0.001)TCGA-G4-6310-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65III/IVChemotherapy5-fuSD
GCGSNVMissense_Mutationc.449C>Ap.Ser150Tyrp.S150YP01275protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.983)TCGA-AG-3892-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYPC412665168
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYANTIDEPRESSANT10889291
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYSODIUM BUTYRATE3550424
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYNALTREXONENALTREXONE9623517
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYMK-8521
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYPB-1023
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYPYRAZOLEPYRAZOLE6992153
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYBETHANECHOL CHLORIDE449696
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYMORPHINEMORPHINE6993188
2641GCGDRUGGABLE GENOME, HORMONE ACTIVITYPD 09805910781369
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