Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: CCL2

Gene summary for CCL2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

CCL2

Gene ID

6347

Gene nameC-C motif chemokine ligand 2
Gene AliasGDCF-2
Cytomap17q12
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000082

UniProtAcc

P13500


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
6347CCL2GSM4909281HumanBreastIDC1.51e-18-6.40e-010.21
6347CCL2GSM4909282HumanBreastIDC2.04e-05-5.16e-01-0.0288
6347CCL2GSM4909285HumanBreastIDC2.86e-19-6.38e-010.21
6347CCL2GSM4909286HumanBreastIDC6.58e-19-6.36e-010.1081
6347CCL2GSM4909287HumanBreastIDC1.03e-06-4.98e-010.2057
6347CCL2GSM4909289HumanBreastIDC3.57e-03-6.40e-010.1064
6347CCL2GSM4909290HumanBreastIDC1.10e-09-6.09e-010.2096
6347CCL2GSM4909291HumanBreastIDC1.89e-03-5.47e-010.1753
6347CCL2GSM4909293HumanBreastIDC4.62e-15-6.20e-010.1581
6347CCL2GSM4909294HumanBreastIDC1.24e-19-6.29e-010.2022
6347CCL2GSM4909296HumanBreastIDC5.76e-17-6.13e-010.1524
6347CCL2GSM4909297HumanBreastIDC1.51e-18-6.30e-010.1517
6347CCL2GSM4909298HumanBreastIDC7.38e-15-6.27e-010.1551
6347CCL2GSM4909299HumanBreastIDC6.17e-05-5.31e-010.035
6347CCL2GSM4909300HumanBreastIDC2.84e-02-5.55e-010.0334
6347CCL2GSM4909301HumanBreastIDC1.13e-09-5.71e-010.1577
6347CCL2GSM4909302HumanBreastIDC1.30e-12-6.06e-010.1545
6347CCL2GSM4909303HumanBreastIDC2.35e-05-6.40e-010.0438
6347CCL2GSM4909304HumanBreastIDC6.58e-19-6.39e-010.1636
6347CCL2GSM4909305HumanBreastIDC3.49e-05-5.57e-010.0436
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LungThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AAH: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
IAC: Invasive lung adenocarcinoma
MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00224083StomachGCnegative regulation of cell-cell adhesion22/1159196/187235.02e-033.98e-0222
GO:00071605StomachGCcell-matrix adhesion25/1159233/187235.24e-034.11e-0225
GO:0071677StomachGCpositive regulation of mononuclear cell migration10/115965/187236.34e-034.73e-0210
GO:00509001StomachCAG with IMleukocyte migration40/1050369/187235.16e-051.32e-0340
GO:00713561StomachCAG with IMcellular response to tumor necrosis factor28/1050229/187238.83e-052.04e-0328
GO:00305951StomachCAG with IMleukocyte chemotaxis28/1050230/187239.52e-052.16e-0328
GO:00026851StomachCAG with IMregulation of leukocyte migration26/1050210/187231.27e-042.64e-0326
GO:00026871StomachCAG with IMpositive regulation of leukocyte migration19/1050135/187231.92e-043.62e-0319
GO:00346121StomachCAG with IMresponse to tumor necrosis factor29/1050253/187232.08e-043.88e-0329
GO:00716211StomachCAG with IMgranulocyte chemotaxis18/1050125/187232.10e-043.90e-0318
GO:00975301StomachCAG with IMgranulocyte migration19/1050148/187236.27e-048.92e-0319
GO:00975291StomachCAG with IMmyeloid leukocyte migration25/1050220/187236.28e-048.92e-0325
GO:00427421StomachCAG with IMdefense response to bacterium34/1050350/187231.32e-031.56e-0234
GO:00603261StomachCAG with IMcell chemotaxis31/1050310/187231.33e-031.57e-0231
GO:00716741StomachCAG with IMmononuclear cell migration22/1050196/187231.52e-031.70e-0222
GO:00305931StomachCAG with IMneutrophil chemotaxis14/1050103/187231.81e-031.94e-0214
GO:00716771StomachCAG with IMpositive regulation of mononuclear cell migration10/105065/187233.17e-032.95e-0210
GO:19902661StomachCAG with IMneutrophil migration15/1050122/187233.43e-033.08e-0215
GO:00716752StomachCAG with IMregulation of mononuclear cell migration14/1050115/187235.03e-034.05e-0214
GO:00509002StomachCSGleukocyte migration40/1034369/187233.68e-059.87e-0440
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0517118BreastPrecancerCoronavirus disease - COVID-1981/684232/84653.74e-322.36e-301.81e-3081
hsa0541818BreastPrecancerFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis28/684139/84654.74e-066.00e-054.59e-0528
hsa0541718BreastPrecancerLipid and atherosclerosis37/684215/84657.64e-069.29e-057.12e-0537
hsa0465716BreastPrecancerIL-17 signaling pathway20/68494/84654.74e-054.54e-043.48e-0420
hsa0532312BreastPrecancerRheumatoid arthritis19/68493/84651.30e-041.14e-038.73e-0419
hsa0516316BreastPrecancerHuman cytomegalovirus infection32/684225/84651.13e-037.57e-035.80e-0332
hsa0517119BreastPrecancerCoronavirus disease - COVID-1981/684232/84653.74e-322.36e-301.81e-3081
hsa0541819BreastPrecancerFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis28/684139/84654.74e-066.00e-054.59e-0528
hsa0541719BreastPrecancerLipid and atherosclerosis37/684215/84657.64e-069.29e-057.12e-0537
hsa0465717BreastPrecancerIL-17 signaling pathway20/68494/84654.74e-054.54e-043.48e-0420
hsa0532313BreastPrecancerRheumatoid arthritis19/68493/84651.30e-041.14e-038.73e-0419
hsa0516317BreastPrecancerHuman cytomegalovirus infection32/684225/84651.13e-037.57e-035.80e-0332
hsa0517124BreastIDCCoronavirus disease - COVID-1986/867232/84651.50e-289.72e-277.27e-2786
hsa0541824BreastIDCFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis34/867139/84659.41e-071.61e-051.20e-0534
hsa0516324BreastIDCHuman cytomegalovirus infection39/867225/84656.66e-045.41e-034.05e-0339
hsa0541724BreastIDCLipid and atherosclerosis35/867215/84653.67e-032.29e-021.71e-0235
hsa0517134BreastIDCCoronavirus disease - COVID-1986/867232/84651.50e-289.72e-277.27e-2786
hsa0541834BreastIDCFluid shear stress and atherosclerosis34/867139/84659.41e-071.61e-051.20e-0534
hsa0516334BreastIDCHuman cytomegalovirus infection39/867225/84656.66e-045.41e-034.05e-0339
hsa0541734BreastIDCLipid and atherosclerosis35/867215/84653.67e-032.29e-021.71e-0235
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
CCL2CCR2CCL2_CCR2CCLBreastDCIS
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLBreastDCIS
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLBreastHealthy
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLBreastIDC
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLBreastPrecancer
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLCervixADJ
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLCervixCC
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLCervixPrecancer
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLCRCAD
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLCRCSER
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLEndometriumADJ
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLEndometriumAEH
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLEndometriumHealthy
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLEsophagusESCC
CCL2ACKR2CCL2_ACKR2CCLEsophagusESCC
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLEsophagusHealthy
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLGCADJ
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLGCGC
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLGCHealthy
CCL2ACKR1CCL2_ACKR1CCLHNSCCADJ
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationc.200N>Gp.Lys67Argp.K67RP13500protein_codingtolerated(0.22)benign(0.029)TCGA-C8-A26Y-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationc.149N>Tp.Ser50Ilep.S50IP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.995)TCGA-AA-A02R-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationrs148937652c.146N>Tp.Ala49Valp.A49VP13500protein_codingtolerated(0.32)benign(0.015)TCGA-G4-6302-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.164C>Tp.Thr55Ilep.T55IP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)possibly_damaging(0.678)TCGA-AJ-A3BG-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapycarboplatinPD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.87N>Ap.Asn29Lysp.N29KP13500protein_codingtolerated(0.07)benign(0.098)TCGA-AP-A1E4-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIHormone TherapyzometaSD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.239N>Gp.Gln80Argp.Q80RP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)possibly_damaging(0.589)TCGA-55-8506-01Lunglung adenocarcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.273C>Ap.Asp91Glup.D91EP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0.04)probably_damaging(0.927)TCGA-78-7155-01Lunglung adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIChemotherapycarboplatinPD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.178N>Ap.Pro60Thrp.P60TP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0.03)possibly_damaging(0.718)TCGA-CV-5970-01Oral cavityhead & neck squamous cell carcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.240N>Cp.Gln80Hisp.Q80HP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)probably_damaging(0.928)TCGA-CV-6961-01Oral cavityhead & neck squamous cell carcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
CCL2SNVMissense_Mutationc.104G>Ap.Cys35Tyrp.C35YP13500protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-F1-6177-01Stomachstomach adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMENOX-E36
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMEBindaritBINDARIT
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMERS-504393
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMEMCP-1
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMENOX-E36
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMECarlumabCARLUMAB
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMEinhibitorCHEMBL1742999CARLUMAB
6347CCL2DRUGGABLE GENOMErisperidoneRISPERIDONE24495780
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