Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: GHRL

Gene summary for GHRL

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

GHRL

Gene ID

51738

Gene nameghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide
Gene AliasMTLRP
Cytomap3p25.3
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000003

UniProtAcc

Q9UBU3


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
51738GHRLPat02-BHumanStomachGC1.59e-062.39e-020.0368
51738GHRLPat05-BHumanStomachGC4.22e-051.48e-01-0.0353
51738GHRLPat06-BHumanStomachGC6.41e-474.35e-01-0.1961
51738GHRLPat15-BHumanStomachGC6.61e-092.43e-01-0.0778
51738GHRLPat24-BHumanStomachGC2.39e-741.30e+00-0.1184
51738GHRLPat28-AHumanStomachCSG3.50e-173.10e-01-0.2594
51738GHRLPat29-AHumanStomachCAG with IM1.92e-441.13e+00-0.2769
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
GCThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis
CAG with IM: Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis
GC: Gastric cancer
SIM: Severe intestinal metaplasia
WIM: Wild intestinal metaplasia
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:007133111StomachCAG with IMcellular response to hexose stimulus21/1050153/187231.30e-042.68e-0321
GO:003350011StomachCAG with IMcarbohydrate homeostasis30/1050259/187231.35e-042.76e-0330
GO:007132611StomachCAG with IMcellular response to monosaccharide stimulus21/1050154/187231.43e-042.87e-0321
GO:007169211StomachCAG with IMprotein localization to extracellular region38/1050368/187232.15e-043.94e-0338
GO:190495111StomachCAG with IMpositive regulation of establishment of protein localization34/1050319/187232.52e-044.48e-0334
GO:000930611StomachCAG with IMprotein secretion37/1050359/187232.69e-044.73e-0337
GO:003559211StomachCAG with IMestablishment of protein localization to extracellular region37/1050360/187232.84e-044.96e-0337
GO:007132211StomachCAG with IMcellular response to carbohydrate stimulus21/1050163/187233.17e-045.32e-0321
GO:005067811StomachCAG with IMregulation of epithelial cell proliferation38/1050381/187234.28e-046.74e-0338
GO:005070811StomachCAG with IMregulation of protein secretion29/1050268/187235.45e-048.12e-0329
GO:005071411StomachCAG with IMpositive regulation of protein secretion18/1050137/187236.54e-049.14e-0318
GO:000167811StomachCAG with IMcellular glucose homeostasis21/1050172/187236.55e-049.14e-0321
GO:00326121StomachCAG with IMinterleukin-1 production17/1050128/187238.07e-041.08e-0217
GO:00326521StomachCAG with IMregulation of interleukin-1 production17/1050128/187238.07e-041.08e-0217
GO:005122211StomachCAG with IMpositive regulation of protein transport31/1050303/187239.21e-041.19e-0231
GO:004343411StomachCAG with IMresponse to peptide hormone39/1050414/187231.09e-031.33e-0239
GO:00326401StomachCAG with IMtumor necrosis factor production21/1050181/187231.27e-031.52e-0221
GO:00326801StomachCAG with IMregulation of tumor necrosis factor production21/1050181/187231.27e-031.52e-0221
GO:005067311StomachCAG with IMepithelial cell proliferation40/1050437/187231.62e-031.78e-0240
GO:00717061StomachCAG with IMtumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production21/1050186/187231.79e-031.92e-0221
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationc.196N>Ap.Glu66Lysp.E66KQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.12)possibly_damaging(0.492)TCGA-A8-A06Q-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs767976379c.187N>Ap.Gly63Serp.G63SQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.8)benign(0.029)TCGA-BH-A0EB-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIHormone TherapyarimidexSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs540101934c.40N>Ap.Gly14Serp.G14SQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(1)benign(0)TCGA-G4-6628-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.122N>Tp.Ser41Leup.S41LQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.19)possibly_damaging(0.448)TCGA-A5-A2K5-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.337G>Tp.Ala113Serp.A113SQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.23)benign(0.272)TCGA-AP-A1E1-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.290N>Tp.Ala97Valp.A97VQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.29)possibly_damaging(0.809)TCGA-AX-A1CE-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnspecificPaclitaxelSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs567867101c.173G>Ap.Arg58Hisp.R58HQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.28)benign(0)TCGA-EO-A3KX-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.122C>Tp.Ser41Leup.S41LQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.19)possibly_damaging(0.448)TCGA-FI-A2D4-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapycarboplatinumPD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs372434370c.208N>Tp.Asp70Tyrp.D70YQ9UBU3protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.905)TCGA-PG-A915-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
GHRLSNVMissense_Mutationrs756969269c.178G>Ap.Glu60Lysp.E60KQ9UBU3protein_codingtolerated(0.05)possibly_damaging(0.689)TCGA-90-A4ED-01Lunglung squamous cell carcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEROFECOXIBROFECOXIB16868036
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMERALOXIFENERALOXIFENE18164562
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEHUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN17535999
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEPIOGLITAZONEPIOGLITAZONE16682836
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEUnacylated ghrelin
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMERISPERIDONERISPERIDONE18480685
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMERelamorelinRELAMORELIN
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEARD-07MACIMORELIN
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEPLANT STEROLS18066136
51738GHRLDRUGGABLE GENOMEINSULININSULIN17449920
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