Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: PAH

Gene summary for PAH

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

PAH

Gene ID

5053

Gene namephenylalanine hydroxylase
Gene AliasPH
Cytomap12q23.2
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0001505

UniProtAcc

A0A024RBG4


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
5053PAHNAFLD1HumanLiverNAFLD2.05e-068.47e-01-0.04
5053PAHS41HumanLiverCirrhotic1.72e-074.84e-01-0.0343
5053PAHS43HumanLiverCirrhotic2.04e-17-5.04e-01-0.0187
5053PAHS44HumanLiverHCC4.64e-065.20e-01-0.0083
5053PAHHCC1_MengHumanLiverHCC3.01e-102-2.05e-010.0246
5053PAHHCC2_MengHumanLiverHCC1.68e-29-8.26e-010.0107
5053PAHcirrhotic1HumanLiverCirrhotic2.31e-19-3.31e-010.0202
5053PAHcirrhotic2HumanLiverCirrhotic1.50e-232.79e-020.0201
5053PAHcirrhotic3HumanLiverCirrhotic9.08e-09-4.89e-010.0215
5053PAHp6HumanLiverCyst1.10e-04-8.42e-01-0.0218
5053PAHHCC1HumanLiverHCC1.29e-265.67e+000.5336
5053PAHHCC2HumanLiverHCC1.46e-335.49e+000.5341
5053PAHHCC5HumanLiverHCC2.16e-042.08e+000.4932
5053PAHPt13.aHumanLiverHCC5.29e-15-4.97e-010.021
5053PAHPt13.bHumanLiverHCC2.07e-25-4.34e-010.0251
5053PAHPt13.cHumanLiverHCC1.03e-10-7.89e-010.0076
5053PAHPt14.aHumanLiverHCC4.92e-041.23e-010.0169
5053PAHPt14.bHumanLiverHCC9.58e-079.68e-020.018
5053PAHPt14.dHumanLiverHCC4.64e-10-3.06e-010.0143
5053PAHS028HumanLiverHCC2.18e-109.36e-010.2503
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00463952LiverHCCcarboxylic acid catabolic process149/7958236/187231.11e-103.87e-09149
GO:00086522LiverHCCcellular amino acid biosynthetic process58/795876/187231.98e-095.63e-0858
GO:19016052LiverHCCalpha-amino acid metabolic process124/7958195/187232.07e-095.79e-08124
GO:19016072LiverHCCalpha-amino acid biosynthetic process53/795868/187232.62e-097.16e-0853
GO:00065202LiverHCCcellular amino acid metabolic process167/7958284/187231.91e-084.56e-07167
GO:00090632LiverHCCcellular amino acid catabolic process70/7958110/187236.12e-067.52e-0570
GO:19016172LiverHCCorganic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process129/7958237/187231.32e-041.08e-03129
GO:19016062LiverHCCalpha-amino acid catabolic process53/795887/187234.01e-042.71e-0353
GO:00090742LiverHCCaromatic amino acid family catabolic process13/795816/187231.84e-039.42e-0313
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa012304LiverCirrhoticBiosynthesis of amino acids35/253075/84651.54e-037.83e-034.83e-0335
hsa0123011LiverCirrhoticBiosynthesis of amino acids35/253075/84651.54e-037.83e-034.83e-0335
hsa0123021LiverHCCBiosynthesis of amino acids53/402075/84653.79e-052.11e-041.18e-0453
hsa0123031LiverHCCBiosynthesis of amino acids53/402075/84653.79e-052.11e-041.18e-0453
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationrs79931499c.1238N>Ap.Arg413Hisp.R413HP00439protein_codingtolerated(0.22)benign(0.021)TCGA-AN-A046-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationc.1226C>Ap.Pro409Hisp.P409HP00439protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.974)TCGA-BH-A0BZ-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapydoxorubicinCR
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationrs199475678c.205C>Tp.Pro69Serp.P69SP00439protein_codingtolerated(0.11)possibly_damaging(0.502)TCGA-D8-A1XW-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapyadriamycin+cyclophosphamideSD
PAHinsertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.847_848insGCCTCCTGAGTGGCTGGGACTACAAGCACATACp.Ile283delinsSerLeuLeuSerGlyTrpAspTyrLysHisIleLeup.I283delinsSLLSGWDYKHILP00439protein_codingTCGA-B6-A0IE-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownPD
PAHdeletionFrame_Shift_Delnovelc.1026delNp.Tyr343MetfsTer57p.Y343Mfs*57P00439protein_codingTCGA-D8-A27V-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIHormone TherapytamoxiphenSD
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.572T>Gp.Phe191Cysp.F191CP00439protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.998)TCGA-EA-A3HU-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationrs62642939c.890G>Ap.Arg297Hisp.R297HP00439protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.505)TCGA-VS-A94Y-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinPD
PAHinsertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.306dupTp.Gly103TrpfsTer6p.G103Wfs*6P00439protein_codingTCGA-EA-A3HU-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationc.1019T>Ap.Ile340Lysp.I340KP00439protein_codingdeleterious(0.04)benign(0.015)TCGA-AA-3860-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65III/IVChemotherapyfolinicCR
PAHSNVMissense_Mutationc.222N>Cp.Lys74Asnp.K74NP00439protein_codingtolerated(0.48)benign(0.018)TCGA-AA-A010-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapyfolinicCR
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMETETRAHYDROBIOPTERINSAPROPTERIN
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEactivatorCHEMBL1201775SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEinhibitor178101924FENCLONINE
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEcarbocisteineCARBOCYSTEINE19036622
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEPegvaliasePEGVALIASE
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMESAPROPTERINSAPROPTERIN
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEactivator178101959SAPROPTERIN
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMESAPROPTERINSAPROPTERIN
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEHepaStem
5053PAHDRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEPP-1420
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