Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: ALDH2

Gene summary for ALDH2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

ALDH2

Gene ID

217

Gene namealdehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member
Gene AliasALDH-E2
Cytomap12q24.12
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0005975

UniProtAcc

P05091


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
217ALDH2CA_HPV_3HumanCervixCC6.07e-072.02e-010.0414
217ALDH2N_HPV_2HumanCervixN_HPV7.44e-031.98e-01-0.0131
217ALDH2CCI_1HumanCervixCC9.68e-08-5.53e-010.528
217ALDH2CCII_1HumanCervixCC4.91e-10-5.19e-010.3249
217ALDH2sample3HumanCervixCC4.44e-05-2.64e-010.1387
217ALDH2L1HumanCervixCC2.24e-05-3.60e-010.0802
217ALDH2T1HumanCervixCC9.74e-05-3.49e-010.0918
217ALDH2T3HumanCervixCC2.86e-02-2.30e-010.1389
217ALDH2HTA11_3410_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.97e-329.19e-010.0155
217ALDH2HTA11_2487_2000001011HumanColorectumSER4.89e-159.41e-01-0.1808
217ALDH2HTA11_2951_2000001011HumanColorectumAD5.31e-047.89e-010.0216
217ALDH2HTA11_1938_2000001011HumanColorectumAD1.28e-281.55e+00-0.0811
217ALDH2HTA11_78_2000001011HumanColorectumAD8.22e-281.35e+00-0.1088
217ALDH2HTA11_347_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.20e-421.40e+00-0.1954
217ALDH2HTA11_411_2000001011HumanColorectumSER7.76e-081.24e+00-0.2602
217ALDH2HTA11_2112_2000001011HumanColorectumSER1.70e-051.30e+00-0.2196
217ALDH2HTA11_3361_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.99e-119.66e-01-0.1207
217ALDH2HTA11_83_2000001011HumanColorectumSER1.16e-201.31e+00-0.1526
217ALDH2HTA11_696_2000001011HumanColorectumAD5.35e-321.12e+00-0.1464
217ALDH2HTA11_866_2000001011HumanColorectumAD2.71e-269.08e-01-0.1001
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LungThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AAH: Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
AIS: Adenocarcinoma in situ
IAC: Invasive lung adenocarcinoma
MIA: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:000606612LiverCirrhoticalcohol metabolic process141/4634353/187231.57e-108.03e-09141
GO:00343085LiverCirrhoticprimary alcohol metabolic process37/4634102/187236.17e-033.07e-0237
GO:000609122LiverHCCgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy340/7958490/187234.04e-342.85e-31340
GO:002290022LiverHCCelectron transport chain134/7958175/187233.32e-204.68e-18134
GO:004428221LiverHCCsmall molecule catabolic process225/7958376/187236.50e-122.80e-10225
GO:000606621LiverHCCalcohol metabolic process208/7958353/187232.80e-109.50e-09208
GO:00461642LiverHCCalcohol catabolic process33/795855/187236.63e-032.69e-0233
GO:003430812LiverHCCprimary alcohol metabolic process55/7958102/187231.30e-024.67e-0255
GO:002290018Oral cavityOSCCelectron transport chain126/7305175/187236.65e-198.42e-17126
GO:000609118Oral cavityOSCCgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy286/7305490/187231.45e-181.71e-16286
GO:00060667Oral cavityOSCCalcohol metabolic process179/7305353/187234.54e-065.21e-05179
GO:00442826Oral cavityOSCCsmall molecule catabolic process174/7305376/187232.25e-031.00e-02174
GO:002290019Oral cavityLPelectron transport chain108/4623175/187232.21e-259.90e-23108
GO:000609119Oral cavityLPgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy214/4623490/187231.12e-202.60e-18214
GO:000606613Oral cavityLPalcohol metabolic process111/4623353/187232.24e-031.62e-02111
GO:000609116ProstateBPHgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy161/3107490/187233.05e-191.45e-16161
GO:002290016ProstateBPHelectron transport chain75/3107175/187231.80e-163.85e-1475
GO:000609117ProstateTumorgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy166/3246490/187232.38e-191.23e-16166
GO:002290017ProstateTumorelectron transport chain76/3246175/187235.59e-161.09e-1376
GO:0006091111SkincSCCgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy224/4864490/187231.13e-212.21e-19224
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa00620ColorectumADPyruvate metabolism28/209247/84653.71e-075.41e-063.45e-0628
hsa00010ColorectumADGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis34/209267/84653.63e-064.34e-052.77e-0534
hsa00280ColorectumADValine, leucine and isoleucine degradation25/209248/84653.97e-053.41e-042.18e-0425
hsa00330ColorectumADArginine and proline metabolism23/209250/84658.27e-045.90e-033.76e-0323
hsa00310ColorectumADLysine degradation27/209263/84651.17e-037.75e-034.94e-0327
hsa00071ColorectumADFatty acid degradation20/209243/84651.50e-038.69e-035.54e-0320
hsa00561ColorectumADGlycerolipid metabolism24/209263/84651.25e-024.54e-022.90e-0224
hsa006201ColorectumADPyruvate metabolism28/209247/84653.71e-075.41e-063.45e-0628
hsa000101ColorectumADGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis34/209267/84653.63e-064.34e-052.77e-0534
hsa002801ColorectumADValine, leucine and isoleucine degradation25/209248/84653.97e-053.41e-042.18e-0425
hsa003301ColorectumADArginine and proline metabolism23/209250/84658.27e-045.90e-033.76e-0323
hsa003101ColorectumADLysine degradation27/209263/84651.17e-037.75e-034.94e-0327
hsa000711ColorectumADFatty acid degradation20/209243/84651.50e-038.69e-035.54e-0320
hsa005611ColorectumADGlycerolipid metabolism24/209263/84651.25e-024.54e-022.90e-0224
hsa006202ColorectumSERPyruvate metabolism22/158047/84659.62e-061.33e-049.67e-0522
hsa000102ColorectumSERGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis24/158067/84656.62e-045.36e-033.89e-0324
hsa003302ColorectumSERArginine and proline metabolism17/158050/84657.12e-033.77e-022.74e-0217
hsa000712ColorectumSERFatty acid degradation15/158043/84658.60e-034.26e-023.09e-0215
hsa006203ColorectumSERPyruvate metabolism22/158047/84659.62e-061.33e-049.67e-0522
hsa000103ColorectumSERGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesis24/158067/84656.62e-045.36e-033.89e-0324
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationrs757893333c.1394N>Tp.Ala465Valp.A465VP05091protein_codingtolerated(0.09)benign(0.312)TCGA-5L-AAT0-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIHormone TherapytamoxiphenSD
ALDH2insertionIn_Frame_Insnovelc.773_774insCCCp.Val258_Ala259insProp.V258_A259insPP05091protein_codingTCGA-A8-A07U-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVChemotherapy5-fluorouracilSD
ALDH2insertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.845_846insTCTGAGAAGGp.Thr283LeufsTer54p.T283Lfs*54P05091protein_codingTCGA-AR-A0TY-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnspecificPaclitaxelPD
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.238N>Tp.Val80Leup.V80LP05091protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.797)TCGA-2W-A8YY-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.127N>Gp.Asn43Aspp.N43DP05091protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)possibly_damaging(0.894)TCGA-EA-A410-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationc.988N>Ap.Asp330Asnp.D330NP05091protein_codingtolerated(0.23)benign(0.001)TCGA-EK-A2R8-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationc.571A>Gp.Met191Valp.M191VP05091protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.951)TCGA-AA-3663-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationc.740N>Tp.Ala247Valp.A247VP05091protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)possibly_damaging(0.453)TCGA-AA-3864-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationc.414N>Gp.Asp138Glup.D138EP05091protein_codingtolerated(0.17)possibly_damaging(0.632)TCGA-AA-A022-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
ALDH2SNVMissense_Mutationrs372769067c.1145C>Tp.Ala382Valp.A382VP05091protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)probably_damaging(0.982)TCGA-AM-5821-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEANS-6637
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEinhibitorCHEMBL964DISULFIRAM
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEDISULFIRAMDISULFIRAM
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEinhibitor178103501PRUNETIN
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEacetaldehydeACETALDEHYDE31002879
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEheroinDIACETYLMORPHINE21723677
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEALD-401
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEDISULFIRAMDISULFIRAM
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEFP-045
217ALDH2ENZYME, CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUGGABLE GENOMEETHANOLALCOHOL8986223
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