Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: HRAS

Gene summary for HRAS

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

HRAS

Gene ID

3265

Gene nameHRas proto-oncogene, GTPase
Gene AliasC-BAS/HAS
Cytomap11p15.5
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0000165

UniProtAcc

P01112


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
3265HRASGSM4909298HumanBreastIDC4.62e-073.06e-010.1551
3265HRASGSM4909311HumanBreastIDC2.54e-05-1.07e-010.1534
3265HRASGSM4909312HumanBreastIDC3.50e-04-1.42e-010.1552
3265HRASGSM4909317HumanBreastIDC3.51e-164.63e-010.1355
3265HRASGSM4909318HumanBreastIDC3.47e-097.39e-010.2031
3265HRASGSM4909319HumanBreastIDC1.74e-05-1.37e-020.1563
3265HRASGSM4909321HumanBreastIDC4.73e-031.28e-010.1559
3265HRASbrca1HumanBreastPrecancer2.78e-113.86e-01-0.0338
3265HRASbrca2HumanBreastPrecancer2.43e-021.74e-01-0.024
3265HRASDCIS2HumanBreastDCIS5.63e-421.71e-010.0085
3265HRASLZE2THumanEsophagusESCC4.37e-022.43e-010.082
3265HRASLZE4THumanEsophagusESCC1.47e-037.33e-020.0811
3265HRASLZE7THumanEsophagusESCC1.14e-062.48e-010.0667
3265HRASLZE20THumanEsophagusESCC9.21e-072.90e-010.0662
3265HRASLZE24THumanEsophagusESCC1.37e-061.13e-010.0596
3265HRASLZE21THumanEsophagusESCC6.03e-073.30e-010.0655
3265HRASP1T-EHumanEsophagusESCC4.21e-105.91e-010.0875
3265HRASP2T-EHumanEsophagusESCC1.22e-367.43e-010.1177
3265HRASP4T-EHumanEsophagusESCC4.87e-451.03e+000.1323
3265HRASP5T-EHumanEsophagusESCC3.56e-377.55e-010.1327
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00971783LiverCirrhoticruffle assembly21/463444/187237.88e-045.79e-0321
GO:003109812LiverCirrhoticstress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade83/4634247/187231.04e-037.28e-0383
GO:0031503LiverCirrhoticprotein-containing complex localization75/4634220/187231.13e-037.73e-0375
GO:005140312LiverCirrhoticstress-activated MAPK cascade80/4634239/187231.43e-039.54e-0380
GO:001021211LiverCirrhoticresponse to ionizing radiation53/4634148/187231.70e-031.08e-0253
GO:00435242LiverCirrhoticnegative regulation of neuron apoptotic process51/4634145/187233.15e-031.78e-0251
GO:01200326LiverCirrhoticregulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly63/4634186/187233.16e-031.78e-0263
GO:19000273LiverCirrhoticregulation of ruffle assembly15/463431/187233.68e-032.02e-0215
GO:00604915LiverCirrhoticregulation of cell projection assembly63/4634188/187234.17e-032.22e-0263
GO:007190011LiverCirrhoticregulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity110/4634359/187236.19e-033.08e-02110
GO:007030212LiverCirrhoticregulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade64/4634195/187236.61e-033.27e-0264
GO:004586011LiverCirrhoticpositive regulation of protein kinase activity117/4634386/187237.07e-033.41e-02117
GO:0090313LiverCirrhoticregulation of protein targeting to membrane16/463436/187237.70e-033.63e-0216
GO:0060191LiverCirrhoticregulation of lipase activity33/463491/187239.39e-034.29e-0233
GO:003287212LiverCirrhoticregulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade62/4634192/187231.08e-024.77e-0262
GO:00346601LiverHCCncRNA metabolic process332/7958485/187231.48e-317.80e-29332
GO:190382922LiverHCCpositive regulation of cellular protein localization199/7958276/187231.15e-232.62e-21199
GO:000660512LiverHCCprotein targeting219/7958314/187237.74e-231.49e-20219
GO:003238621LiverHCCregulation of intracellular transport231/7958337/187231.99e-223.40e-20231
GO:003315721LiverHCCregulation of intracellular protein transport165/7958229/187238.37e-201.15e-17165
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0501016BreastPrecancerAlzheimer disease103/684384/84651.03e-294.66e-283.57e-28103
hsa0502216BreastPrecancerPathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases112/684476/84656.96e-272.44e-251.87e-25112
hsa0520818BreastPrecancerChemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species68/684223/84653.61e-231.14e-218.73e-2268
hsa0471418BreastPrecancerThermogenesis68/684232/84654.40e-221.26e-209.69e-2168
hsa0513218BreastPrecancerSalmonella infection49/684249/84652.92e-096.15e-084.71e-0849
hsa0516718BreastPrecancerKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection36/684194/84651.68e-062.53e-051.94e-0536
hsa0491518BreastPrecancerEstrogen signaling pathway28/684138/84654.10e-065.39e-054.13e-0528
hsa0541718BreastPrecancerLipid and atherosclerosis37/684215/84657.64e-069.29e-057.12e-0537
hsa042189BreastPrecancerCellular senescence29/684156/84651.66e-051.69e-041.30e-0429
hsa042108BreastPrecancerApoptosis25/684136/84657.61e-056.87e-045.26e-0425
hsa0516618BreastPrecancerHuman T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection33/684222/84654.29e-043.31e-032.53e-0333
hsa0413716BreastPrecancerMitophagy - animal15/68472/84655.22e-043.93e-033.01e-0315
hsa0520514BreastPrecancerProteoglycans in cancer30/684205/84651.00e-037.18e-035.50e-0330
hsa0516316BreastPrecancerHuman cytomegalovirus infection32/684225/84651.13e-037.57e-035.80e-0332
hsa052309BreastPrecancerCentral carbon metabolism in cancer13/68470/84653.57e-032.17e-021.66e-0213
hsa052196BreastPrecancerBladder cancer9/68441/84654.65e-032.72e-022.08e-029
hsa052036BreastPrecancerViral carcinogenesis27/684204/84657.19e-034.06e-023.11e-0227
hsa0501017BreastPrecancerAlzheimer disease103/684384/84651.03e-294.66e-283.57e-28103
hsa0502217BreastPrecancerPathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases112/684476/84656.96e-272.44e-251.87e-25112
hsa0520819BreastPrecancerChemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species68/684223/84653.61e-231.14e-218.73e-2268
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs104894228c.37N>Cp.Gly13Argp.G13RP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.975)TCGA-AR-A5QQ-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65III/IVChemotherapycarboplatinPD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs121913233c.182A>Tp.Gln61Leup.Q61LP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.577)TCGA-B6-A400-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs121913233c.182A>Tp.Gln61Leup.Q61LP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.577)TCGA-BH-A0HL-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycyclophosphamideSD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs104894230c.35G>Ap.Gly12Aspp.G12DP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0)benign(0.339)TCGA-LL-A740-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapyadriamycinCR
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs104894229c.34G>Tp.Gly12Cysp.G12CP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0.04)benign(0.385)TCGA-S3-AA10-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapycytoxanCR
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.269T>Gp.Phe90Cysp.F90CP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-XX-A89A-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationc.388N>Ap.Ala130Thrp.A130TP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0)possibly_damaging(0.752)TCGA-LP-A4AV-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs104894229c.34N>Ap.Gly12Serp.G12SP01112protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)benign(0.383)TCGA-ZJ-AAXF-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationc.404G>Ap.Arg135Glnp.R135QP01112protein_codingtolerated(0.17)benign(0.082)TCGA-A6-6781-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale<65III/IVChemotherapyoxaliplatinSD
HRASSNVMissense_Mutationrs142218590c.506G>Ap.Arg169Glnp.R169QP01112protein_codingtolerated(0.28)benign(0)TCGA-AA-3947-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEPz-126126987
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEMEK INHIBITOR PD032590126544513
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMESirolimusSIROLIMUS26882569
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMESelumetinibSELUMETINIB26544513,27222538
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEBRYOSTATIN-116483930
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMErigosertibRIGOSERTIB27104980
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEVIRAL VECTOR10911621
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEREOLYSINPELAREOREP
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMEEverolimusEVEROLIMUS26544513
3265HRASCLINICALLY ACTIONABLE, DRUG RESISTANCE, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, DRUGGABLE GENOME, ENZYMELAK3489774
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