Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: PPA1

Gene summary for PPA1

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

PPA1

Gene ID

5464

Gene nameinorganic pyrophosphatase 1
Gene AliasHEL-S-66p
Cytomap10q22.1
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0006793

UniProtAcc

Q15181


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
5464PPA1Dong_P3HumanProstateTumor1.45e-13-1.14e-010.0278
5464PPA1Dong_P4HumanProstateTumor2.34e-028.64e-020.0292
5464PPA1Dong_P5HumanProstateTumor1.54e-156.18e-020.053
5464PPA1P9HumanProstateTumor4.20e-07-5.83e-01-0.0285
5464PPA1GSM5353221_PA_PB2A_Pool_1_3_S25_L001HumanProstateTumor2.62e-02-4.54e-010.1633
5464PPA1GSM5353222_PA_PB2B_Pool_1_3_S52_L002HumanProstateTumor4.25e-02-3.51e-010.1608
5464PPA1GSM5353227_PA_PR5199-193K_Pool_1_2_3_S55_L002HumanProstateTumor1.49e-06-4.66e-010.1602
5464PPA1GSM5353228_PA_PR5199-640K_Pool_1_3_S108_L004HumanProstateTumor3.63e-03-8.84e-010.1537
5464PPA1GSM5353240_PA_PR5254_T1_S15_L001HumanProstateTumor4.49e-12-5.84e-010.1575
5464PPA1GSM5353243_PA_PR5261_T1_S23_L002HumanProstateTumor4.14e-15-4.21e-010.1545
5464PPA1GSM5353244_PA_PR5261_T2_S24_L002HumanProstateTumor1.20e-10-3.81e-010.1569
5464PPA1GSM5353247_PA_PR5269_3_S27_L002HumanProstateTumor1.74e-02-8.84e-010.1532
5464PPA1P4_S8_cSCCHumanSkincSCC2.68e-071.46e-01-0.3095
5464PPA1P5_S10_cSCCHumanSkincSCC2.95e-121.27e-01-0.299
5464PPA1P1_cSCCHumanSkincSCC3.73e-612.46e+000.0292
5464PPA1P2_cSCCHumanSkincSCC1.13e-351.40e+00-0.024
5464PPA1P4_cSCCHumanSkincSCC6.67e-672.06e+00-0.00290000000000005
5464PPA1P10_cSCCHumanSkincSCC5.07e-521.97e+000.1017
5464PPA1cSCC_p4HumanSkincSCC4.34e-025.74e-02-0.2022
5464PPA1cSCC_p7HumanSkincSCC1.09e-06-3.82e-01-0.2332
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EndometriumThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AEH: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
EEC: Endometrioid Cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
GCThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis
CAG with IM: Chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis
GC: Gastric cancer
SIM: Severe intestinal metaplasia
WIM: Wild intestinal metaplasia
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0019016BreastPrecancerOxidative phosphorylation59/684134/84656.15e-303.24e-282.48e-2859
hsa0019017BreastPrecancerOxidative phosphorylation59/684134/84656.15e-303.24e-282.48e-2859
hsa0019023BreastIDCOxidative phosphorylation62/867134/84654.78e-272.59e-251.94e-2562
hsa0019033BreastIDCOxidative phosphorylation62/867134/84654.78e-272.59e-251.94e-2562
hsa0019043BreastDCISOxidative phosphorylation61/846134/84659.84e-275.30e-253.90e-2561
hsa0019053BreastDCISOxidative phosphorylation61/846134/84659.84e-275.30e-253.90e-2561
hsa0019018CervixCCOxidative phosphorylation64/1267134/84651.25e-198.07e-184.77e-1864
hsa0019019CervixCCOxidative phosphorylation64/1267134/84651.25e-198.07e-184.77e-1864
hsa0019044CervixN_HPVOxidative phosphorylation25/349134/84651.50e-106.81e-095.33e-0925
hsa0019054CervixN_HPVOxidative phosphorylation25/349134/84651.50e-106.81e-095.33e-0925
hsa00190ColorectumADOxidative phosphorylation86/2092134/84652.47e-222.76e-201.76e-2086
hsa001901ColorectumADOxidative phosphorylation86/2092134/84652.47e-222.76e-201.76e-2086
hsa001902ColorectumSEROxidative phosphorylation79/1580134/84651.98e-251.64e-231.19e-2379
hsa001903ColorectumSEROxidative phosphorylation79/1580134/84651.98e-251.64e-231.19e-2379
hsa001904ColorectumMSSOxidative phosphorylation79/1875134/84651.89e-207.90e-194.84e-1979
hsa001905ColorectumMSSOxidative phosphorylation79/1875134/84651.89e-207.90e-194.84e-1979
hsa001906ColorectumMSI-HOxidative phosphorylation47/797134/84652.13e-166.27e-155.26e-1547
hsa001907ColorectumMSI-HOxidative phosphorylation47/797134/84652.13e-166.27e-155.26e-1547
hsa001908ColorectumFAPOxidative phosphorylation44/1404134/84652.56e-064.28e-052.60e-0544
hsa001909ColorectumFAPOxidative phosphorylation44/1404134/84652.56e-064.28e-052.60e-0544
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationc.550G>Ap.Glu184Lysp.E184KQ15181protein_codingtolerated(0.29)benign(0.03)TCGA-A2-A0YK-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycytoxanSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationc.159G>Tp.Trp53Cysp.W53CQ15181protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-A7-A13D-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycytoxanSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationrs777717226c.235N>Tp.Arg79Cysp.R79CQ15181protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-AN-A046-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationrs867668532c.8G>Ap.Gly3Aspp.G3DQ15181protein_codingtolerated(0.59)benign(0.017)TCGA-AO-A128-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapydoxorubicinSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationrs766193453c.559G>Ap.Val187Metp.V187MQ15181protein_codingtolerated(0.11)probably_damaging(0.912)TCGA-BH-A0EE-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale>=65I/IIChemotherapydocetaxelSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationrs146821187c.412N>Ap.Val138Metp.V138MQ15181protein_codingdeleterious(0.01)probably_damaging(0.967)TCGA-A6-5665-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationrs11538284c.457N>Ap.Asp153Asnp.D153NQ15181protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)probably_damaging(0.915)TCGA-AA-3977-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationc.701N>Gp.Lys234Argp.K234RQ15181protein_codingtolerated(0.08)benign(0.03)TCGA-AA-A00N-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaMale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownPD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.310N>Tp.Pro104Serp.P104SQ15181protein_codingdeleterious(0.02)probably_damaging(0.937)TCGA-A5-A0G2-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
PPA1SNVMissense_Mutationrs777717226c.235N>Tp.Arg79Cysp.R79CQ15181protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.999)TCGA-A5-A0G2-01Endometriumuterine corpus endometrioid carcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
5464PPA1ENZYMEETHANOLALCOHOL10349738
5464PPA1ENZYMEGUANIDINIUM8639227
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