Schematic overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the cancer progression, including the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells trajectory. AT1: alveolar type 1 cells; AT2: alveolar type 2 cells; AAH: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IA: invasive adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Malignant transformation analysis

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

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Cell-cell communication analysis

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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

Gene: MDH2

Gene summary for MDH2

check button Gene summary.

Gene informationSpeciesHuman
Gene symbol

MDH2

Gene ID

4191

Gene namemalate dehydrogenase 2
Gene AliasDEE51
Cytomap7q11.23
Gene Typeprotein-coding
GO ID

GO:0005975

UniProtAcc

B3KTM1


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Malignant transformation analysis

check button Identification of the aberrant gene expression in precancerous and cancerous lesions by comparing the gene expression of stem-like cells in diseased tissues with normal stem cells
check button Malignant transformation involving gene list.
Entrez IDSymbolReplicatesSpeciesOrganTissueAdj P-valueLog2FCMalignancy
4191MDH2C07HumanOral cavityOSCC1.68e-092.20e+000.2491
4191MDH2C08HumanOral cavityOSCC6.44e-942.46e+000.1919
4191MDH2C09HumanOral cavityOSCC4.79e-239.06e-010.1431
4191MDH2LN22HumanOral cavityOSCC3.10e-222.50e+000.1733
4191MDH2LN38HumanOral cavityOSCC1.51e-182.59e+000.168
4191MDH2LN46HumanOral cavityOSCC2.30e-321.62e+000.1666
4191MDH2LP15HumanOral cavityLP7.41e-152.31e+000.2174
4191MDH2LP17HumanOral cavityLP4.38e-131.84e+000.2349
4191MDH2SYSMH1HumanOral cavityOSCC1.32e-351.16e+000.1127
4191MDH2SYSMH2HumanOral cavityOSCC4.09e-381.72e+000.2326
4191MDH2SYSMH3HumanOral cavityOSCC6.08e-421.71e+000.2442
4191MDH2SYSMH4HumanOral cavityOSCC1.85e-124.65e-010.1226
4191MDH2SYSMH5HumanOral cavityOSCC6.88e-106.26e-010.0647
4191MDH2SYSMH6HumanOral cavityOSCC5.69e-191.08e+000.1275
4191MDH2P4_S8_cSCCHumanSkincSCC3.22e-111.68e-01-0.3095
4191MDH2P5_S10_cSCCHumanSkincSCC3.09e-143.33e-01-0.299
4191MDH2P1_cSCCHumanSkincSCC2.22e-522.16e+000.0292
4191MDH2P2_cSCCHumanSkincSCC1.36e-581.50e+00-0.024
4191MDH2P4_cSCCHumanSkincSCC1.19e-571.75e+00-0.00290000000000005
4191MDH2P10_cSCCHumanSkincSCC5.42e-532.11e+000.1017
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check button Transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.
TissueExpression DynamicsAbbreviation
BreastThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.IDC: Invasive ductal carcinoma
DCIS: Ductal carcinoma in situ
Precancer(BRCA1-mut): Precancerous lesion from BRCA1 mutation carriers
CervixThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.CC: Cervix cancer
HSIL_HPV: HPV-infected high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
N_HPV: HPV-infected normal cervix
Colorectum (GSE201348)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis
CRC: Colorectal cancer
Colorectum (HTA11)The image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AD: Adenomas
SER: Sessile serrated lesions
MSI-H: Microsatellite-high colorectal cancer
MSS: Microsatellite stable colorectal cancer
EndometriumThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AEH: Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
EEC: Endometrioid Cancer
EsophagusThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias
LiverThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Oral CavityThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.EOLP: Erosive Oral lichen planus
LP: leukoplakia
NEOLP: Non-erosive oral lichen planus
OSCC: Oral squamous cell carcinoma
ProstateThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
SkinThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.AK: Actinic keratosis
cSCC: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
SCCIS:squamous cell carcinoma in situ
ThyroidThe image shows the transcriptomic changes along malignancy continuum.log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.ATC: Anaplastic thyroid cancer
HT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis
PTC: Papillary thyroid cancer
∗log2FC in expression of this searched gene in stem-like cells from each diseased tissue sample relative to stem-like cells in normal samples in each tissue plotted against the malignancy continuum. Samples are colored based on if they are from different disease stage.

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Malignant transformation related pathway analysis

check buttonFind out the enriched GO biological processes and KEGG pathways involved in transition from healthy to precancer to cancer
check button Figure of enriched GO biological processes.
TissueDisease StageEnriched GO biological Processes
ColorectumADGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumSERGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSSGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumMSI-HGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
ColorectumFAPGO analysis - Figure of enriched GO biological processes: Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
∗Top 15 enriched GO BP terms are showed in the bar plot of each disease state in each tissue. Each row represents a significant GO biological process which is colored according to the -log10(p.adjust).
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check button Enriched GO biological processes.
GO IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustCount
GO:00090608BreastPrecanceraerobic respiration58/1080189/187235.69e-277.62e-2458
GO:00060918BreastPrecancergeneration of precursor metabolites and energy94/1080490/187231.54e-251.64e-2294
GO:00453338BreastPrecancercellular respiration59/1080230/187235.97e-235.32e-2059
GO:00159808BreastPrecancerenergy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds70/1080318/187238.33e-236.37e-2070
GO:00067345BreastPrecancerNADH metabolic process6/108029/187235.49e-034.01e-026
GO:000906013BreastIDCaerobic respiration61/1434189/187234.42e-236.27e-2061
GO:000609113BreastIDCgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy103/1434490/187231.53e-211.74e-18103
GO:004533313BreastIDCcellular respiration62/1434230/187235.98e-194.25e-1662
GO:001598013BreastIDCenergy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds73/1434318/187238.70e-183.80e-1573
GO:000906023BreastDCISaerobic respiration61/1390189/187238.72e-241.23e-2061
GO:000609123BreastDCISgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy103/1390490/187231.46e-221.65e-19103
GO:004533323BreastDCIScellular respiration62/1390230/187231.26e-191.02e-1662
GO:001598023BreastDCISenergy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds73/1390318/187231.56e-188.01e-1673
GO:00090609CervixCCaerobic respiration60/2311189/187231.59e-126.36e-1060
GO:00453339CervixCCcellular respiration66/2311230/187232.07e-115.39e-0966
GO:00060919CervixCCgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy105/2311490/187237.40e-096.61e-07105
GO:00159809CervixCCenergy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds74/2311318/187233.83e-082.53e-0674
GO:00067346CervixCCNADH metabolic process9/231129/187236.49e-033.61e-029
GO:0006091ColorectumADgeneration of precursor metabolites and energy209/3918490/187233.17e-286.61e-25209
GO:0009060ColorectumADaerobic respiration108/3918189/187239.14e-281.43e-24108
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check button Enriched KEGG pathways.
Pathway IDTissueDisease StageDescriptionGene RatioBg Ratiopvaluep.adjustqvalueCount
hsa0120012BreastPrecancerCarbon metabolism18/684115/84654.79e-032.75e-022.11e-0218
hsa0120013BreastPrecancerCarbon metabolism18/684115/84654.79e-032.75e-022.11e-0218
hsa01200ColorectumADCarbon metabolism55/2092115/84655.53e-088.42e-075.37e-0755
hsa00620ColorectumADPyruvate metabolism28/209247/84653.71e-075.41e-063.45e-0628
hsa00020ColorectumADCitrate cycle (TCA cycle)20/209230/84651.43e-061.77e-051.13e-0520
hsa00630ColorectumADGlyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism14/209230/84657.25e-032.97e-021.89e-0214
hsa012001ColorectumADCarbon metabolism55/2092115/84655.53e-088.42e-075.37e-0755
hsa006201ColorectumADPyruvate metabolism28/209247/84653.71e-075.41e-063.45e-0628
hsa000201ColorectumADCitrate cycle (TCA cycle)20/209230/84651.43e-061.77e-051.13e-0520
hsa006301ColorectumADGlyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism14/209230/84657.25e-032.97e-021.89e-0214
hsa006202ColorectumSERPyruvate metabolism22/158047/84659.62e-061.33e-049.67e-0522
hsa000202ColorectumSERCitrate cycle (TCA cycle)16/158030/84652.06e-052.74e-041.99e-0416
hsa012002ColorectumSERCarbon metabolism40/1580115/84652.77e-053.41e-042.47e-0440
hsa006203ColorectumSERPyruvate metabolism22/158047/84659.62e-061.33e-049.67e-0522
hsa000203ColorectumSERCitrate cycle (TCA cycle)16/158030/84652.06e-052.74e-041.99e-0416
hsa012003ColorectumSERCarbon metabolism40/1580115/84652.77e-053.41e-042.47e-0440
hsa006204ColorectumMSSPyruvate metabolism24/187547/84651.25e-051.35e-048.27e-0524
hsa012004ColorectumMSSCarbon metabolism43/1875115/84651.37e-041.17e-037.19e-0443
hsa000204ColorectumMSSCitrate cycle (TCA cycle)16/187530/84651.84e-041.47e-039.00e-0416
hsa006205ColorectumMSSPyruvate metabolism24/187547/84651.25e-051.35e-048.27e-0524
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Cell-cell communication analysis

check buttonIdentification of potential cell-cell interactions between two cell types and their ligand-receptor pairs for different disease states
LigandReceptorLRpairPathwayTissueDisease Stage
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Single-cell gene regulatory network inference analysis

check buttonFind out the significant the regulons (TFs) and the target genes of each regulon across cell types for different disease states
TFCell TypeTissueDisease StageTarget GeneRSSRegulon Activity
∗The dot plots of a searched regulon are shown for all cell subpopulations in each disease state of each tissue based on the regulon specific score inferred using pySCENIC and by calculating the average expression.
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Somatic mutation of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonAnnotation of somatic variants for genes involved in malignant transformation
Hugo SymbolVariant ClassVariant ClassificationdbSNP RSHGVScHGVSpHGVSp ShortSWISSPROTBIOTYPESIFTPolyPhenTumor Sample BarcodeTissueHistologySexAgeStageTherapy TypesDrugsOutcome
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationrs145207041c.505N>Ap.Val169Metp.V169MP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0.03)possibly_damaging(0.62)TCGA-A8-A09A-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIHormone TherapytamoxiphenSD
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.754N>Tp.Ala252Serp.A252SP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.986)TCGA-E9-A22H-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapydoxorubicinSD
MDH2insertionFrame_Shift_Insnovelc.789_790insGGGTTp.Asp264GlyfsTer5p.D264Gfs*5P40926protein_codingTCGA-BH-A0AY-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapySD
MDH2insertionNonsense_Mutationnovelc.791_792insGAGTCATTTTTGAGGGp.Asp264GlufsTer5p.D264Efs*5P40926protein_codingTCGA-BH-A0AY-01Breastbreast invasive carcinomaFemale<65I/IIChemotherapySD
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationnovelc.596G>Ap.Gly199Aspp.G199DP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-2W-A8YY-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationc.509N>Gp.Thr170Argp.T170RP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-MY-A5BD-01Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65I/IIChemotherapycisplatinCR
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationrs782546937c.502N>Ap.Gly168Serp.G168SP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.996)TCGA-UC-A7PG-06Cervixcervical & endocervical cancerFemale<65III/IVChemotherapycisplatinPD
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationc.169G>Cp.Asp57Hisp.D57HP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(0.994)TCGA-CK-4948-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale<65III/IVUnknownUnknownSD
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationrs782472423c.328N>Tp.Arg110Trpp.R110WP40926protein_codingdeleterious(0)probably_damaging(1)TCGA-G4-6586-01Colorectumcolon adenocarcinomaFemale>=65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
MDH2SNVMissense_Mutationrs373091398c.898G>Ap.Glu300Lysp.E300KP40926protein_codingtolerated(0.1)benign(0.085)TCGA-AG-A002-01Colorectumrectum adenocarcinomaMale<65I/IIUnknownUnknownSD
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Related drugs of malignant transformation related genes

check buttonIdentification of chemicals and drugs interact with genes involved in malignant transfromation
(DGIdb 4.0)
Entrez IDSymbolCategoryInteraction TypesDrug Claim NameDrug NamePMIDs
4191MDH2NAALBUMINALBUMIN HUMAN2932302
4191MDH2NAEXPECTORANT15225672
4191MDH2NAGONADOTROPINS10026128
4191MDH2NAANTIOXIDANT15225672
4191MDH2NACISPLATINCISPLATIN15225672
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