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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Gene summary

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Datasets with differential expression of this gene

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Expression of this gene in the resistant group across all datasets and cell types

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Significant ligand-receptor pairs related to this gene

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Known drug resistance mechanisms of this gene (This gene does not contain this module)

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulating this gene

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Motifs and transcription factors (TFs) regulating this gene

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Acts as a transcription factor (This gene does not contain this module)

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Acts as a drug target< (This gene does not contain this module)

Gene: CCL4

Summary for CCL4

Gene informationGene symbol

CCL4

Ensembl ID

ENSG00000277943

Entrez ID

6351

Gene nameC-C motif chemokine ligand 4
SynonymsAct-2|AT744.1|LAG1|MIP-1-beta|SCYA4
Gene typeprotein_coding
UniProtAcc

P13236


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Dataset with differentially expressed gene: CCL4

check buttonDifferentially expression genes between the resistant and sensitive groups. A positive avg_log2FC represents significantly high expression in the resistant group, while a negative avg_log2FC represents significantly low expression in the resistant group.
DatasetSourceTissueCancer type level1Cancer type level2Drug typeRegimenTimepointCell typeavg_log2FCp_val_adj

GSE169246_PacBlood

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostNK cells0.4311270.00e+00

GSE169246_PacBlood

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostCD8+ T cells0.3091072.31e-21

GSE169246_PacBlood

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpreCD8+ T cells0.3862071.55e-39

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostCD4+ T cells-0.5427410.00e+00

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostB cells-0.4020525.67e-22

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostMono/Macro-1.26371.79e-14

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostNK cells-1.429070.00e+00

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpostCD8+ T cells-0.8971970.00e+00

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelpreMono/Macro-1.232420.00e+00

GSE169246_PacTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)ChemotherapypaclitaxelprePlasma cells0.5155950.00e+00

GSE169246_PacAteTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Immunotherapyatezolizumab + paclitaxelpostCD8+ T cells-0.6654390.00e+00

GSE169246_PacAteTissue

patientsTumor tissueBreast cancerAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Immunotherapyatezolizumab + paclitaxelpreCD8+ T cells-0.309583.14e-20

GSE197268_Axi-cel

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsAcute lymphoblastic leukemiaLarge B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)Immunotherapyaxi-cel (CAR-T)preNK cells0.3272671.48e-33

GSE164551

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)ImmunotherapyCAR-TNANK cells-1.042184.27e-02

PMID34715028

patientsTumor tissueKidney cancerClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)ImmunotherapynivolumabpostCD4+ T cells-0.2840071.18e-19

GSE164237

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsMelanomaAdvanced stages of melanoma ImmunotherapypembrolizumabpostCD8+ T cells-0.4275810.00e+00

GSE164237

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsMelanomaAdvanced stages of melanoma ImmunotherapypembrolizumabpreCD8+ T cells-0.3536256.29e-26

GSE207422_Sin

patientsTumor tissueLung cancerEGFR/ALK mutation negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Immunotherapysintilimab + carboplatin + (docetaxel or pemetrexed or emcitabine)postCD4+ T cells0.7628623.12e-13

GSE207422_Sin

patientsTumor tissueLung cancerEGFR/ALK mutation negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)Immunotherapysintilimab + carboplatin + (docetaxel or pemetrexed or emcitabine)postCD8+ T cells1.386339.07e-28

GSE197268_Tisa-cel

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsAcute lymphoblastic leukemiaLarge B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)Immunotherapytisa-cel (CAR-T)postNK cells-0.7227771.09e-31

GSE197268_Tisa-cel

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsAcute lymphoblastic leukemiaLarge B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)Immunotherapytisa-cel (CAR-T)postCD8+ T cells-0.2796224.48e-25

GSE197268_Tisa-cel

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsAcute lymphoblastic leukemiaLarge B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)Immunotherapytisa-cel (CAR-T)preNK cells0.4996359.69e-20

GSE189460

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaMultiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapybortezomib + melphalan + prednisoloneprepDCs0.5260832.97e-03

GSE189460

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaMultiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapybortezomib + melphalan + prednisolonepreCD8+ T cells0.4102869.69e-37

GSE189460

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaMultiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapybortezomib + melphalan + prednisolonepreMono/Macro-0.9055057.16e-09

GSE161801_PI

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapycarfilzomib + dexamethasonepostCD8+ T cells0.6009970.00e+00

GSE161801_PI

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapycarfilzomib + dexamethasonepostNK cells1.319312.14e-33

GSE161801_PI

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapycarfilzomib + dexamethasonepreCD8+ T cells0.7869252.97e-21

GSE161801_PI

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapycarfilzomib + dexamethasonepreMono/Macro1.035411.10e-42

GSE161801_PI

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapycarfilzomib + dexamethasonepreNK cells0.8799511.90e-15

GSE199333

patientsBone marrow aspirateAcute myeloid leukemiaPrimary FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML)Targeted therapygilteritinibpreNK cells2.354981.29e-34

GSE111014

patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)Targeted therapyibrutinibpostNK cells0.5911963.27e-28

GSE161801_IMiD

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapypomalidomide + dexamethasone OR lenalidomide + dexamethasonepostCD8+ T cells0.75020.00e+00

GSE161801_IMiD

patientsBone marrow aspirateMultiple myelomaRefractory multiple myeloma (MM)Targeted therapypomalidomide + dexamethasone OR lenalidomide + dexamethasonepreCD8+ T cells0.4230069.77e-11

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Expression of CCL4 in the resistant group across all datasets and cell types

check buttonRed dots represent significantly high expression in the resistant group, while blue dots represent significantly low expression in the resistant group. White dots represent that there is no significant difference in the expression of this gene between the resistant and sensitive groups. Blank represents that this cell type is not present in this dataset. (If the image exists, the user can click on it to enlarge it in a new window.)
boxplot

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Significant ligand-receptor pairs related to CCL4

check buttonThis table shows the significant ligand-receptor pairs related to this gene across all datasets, timepoints and conditions. (Complete files can be downloaded from the download section.)
Gene symbolCell type with DEGInteraction IDInteracting pairGene AGene BIntegrinInteracting cell type1Interacting cell type2DatasetTimepointCondition
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE169246_PacAteTissue

preresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseMono/MacroCD8+ T cells

GSE169246_PacAteTissue

preresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE169246_PacAteTissue

preresistant
CCL4NK cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellspDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellspDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

postresistant
CCL4NK cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellscDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

postsensitive
CCL4NK cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellspDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

postsensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellscDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

postsensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellspDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

postsensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE169246_PacBlood

preresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellspDCs

GSE169246_PacBlood

preresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE169246_PacBlood

preresistant
CCL4Mono/MacroCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseMono/MacroCD8+ T cells

GSE169246_PacTissue

presensitive
CCL4NK cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellscDCs

GSE197268_Axi-cel

preresistant
CCL4NK cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellspDCs

GSE197268_Axi-cel

preresistant
CCL4NK cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellscDCs

GSE197268_Axi-cel

presensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD4+ T cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD4+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsMono/Macro

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseMono/MacroCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNeutrophilsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD4+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD4+ T cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD4+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD4+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD4+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellsCD4+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postresistant
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postsensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellspDCs

GSE207422_Sin

postsensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseMono/MacroCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postsensitive
CCL4CD8+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseNK cellsCD8+ T cells

GSE207422_Sin

postsensitive
CCL4CD4+ T cellsCPI-SS0D1D95883CCL4_CCR5CCL4CCR5FalseCD8+ T cellsCD4+ T cells

PMID34715028

postresistant
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Known drug resistance mechanisms of this gene

check buttonThis table shows the known drug resistance mechanisms of this gene. Clicking on this gene will link to another database that displays more drug resistance-related information.

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MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulating CCL4

check buttonThis table shows the miRNAs with a score of more than 80 regulating this gene. (Complete files can be downloaded from the download section.)
Gene symbolmiRNAScoreGeneBank accession
CCL4hsa-miR-76588.4438NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-184387.8677NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-20a-3p86.0472NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-11181-3p84.0507NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-5583-5p83.6349NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-3129-3p83.6349NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-4802-5p83.3442NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-6729-3p83.1289NM_002984
CCL4hsa-miR-561-3p80.724NM_002984
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Motifs and transcription factors (TFs) regulating CCL4

check buttonThis table shows the Motifs and transcription factors (TFs) regulating this gene. (Complete files can be downloaded from the download section.)
Gene symbolmotifTF_highConf
CCL4nitta__CG18619_TCGAAG20NGA_KH_RTGACGTCAT_m1_c3uCREBL2 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00209MZF1; TBP (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M06784ZNF780B (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05791ZNF517 (directAnnotation).
CCL4metacluster_90.4ESR1; ESR1; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRB; ESRRB; ESRRB; ESRRB; ESRRG; ESRRG; ESRRG; ESRRG; ESRRG; NR5A1; NR5A1; NR5A1; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2 (directAnnotation). AR; ESR1; ESR2; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRA; ESRRB; ESRRB; ESRRB; ESRRB; ESRRG; ESRRG; ESRRG; ESRRG; ESRRG; NR3C1; NR3C2; NR5A1; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2; NR5A2; PGR; RXRG (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05814ZNF605 (directAnnotation).
CCL4metacluster_33.1IRX2; SIX1; SIX1; SIX1; SIX2; SIX2; SIX4; SIX4; SIX4; ZNF32; ZNF32 (directAnnotation). SIX1; SIX2; SIX2; SIX4 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05393ZBTB6 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00425ELF5; SMAD4 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M07981ATF3 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4taipale_tf_pairs__GCM1_SOX2_RTRSGGGNNNATTGTKY_CAP_reprGCM1; SOX2 (directAnnotation).
CCL4cisbp__M00273CRX (directAnnotation).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00029IKZF2; NKX3-2 (directAnnotation).
CCL4cisbp__M00311PITX2 (directAnnotation).
CCL4taipale_tf_pairs__JUN_ATGACGTCAT_HTJUN (directAnnotation).
CCL4jaspar__MA0604.1ATF1 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05854ZNF619 (directAnnotation).
CCL4dbtfbs__mm_TAL1_representative_N3TAL1 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4jaspar__MA1951.1FOS (directAnnotation).
CCL4metacluster_111.4ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF3; ATF3; ATF3; ATF3; ATF3; ATF4; ATF4; ATF5; ATF6; ATF6B; ATF7; ATF7; ATF7; BATF3; BATF3; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB3; CREB3L4; CREB3L4; CREB5; CREB5; CREB5; CREM; CREM; CREM; CREM; CREM; FOSB; FOSL1; FOSL1; FOSL2; JDP2; JDP2; JDP2; JUN; JUNB; JUNB; JUNB; JUND; JUND; JUND; JUND; JUND; XBP1; XBP1; XBP1; ZNF629 (directAnnotation). ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF2; ATF2; ATF3; ATF6; ATF6B; ATF7; ATF7; ATF7; ATF7-NPFF; ATF7-NPFF; ATF7-NPFF; ATF7-NPFF; BATF; BATF2; BATF3; CREB1; CREB1; CREB3; CREB3L1; CREB3L2; CREB3L3; CREB3L4; CREM; FOS; FOSB; FOSL1; FOSL2; JDP2; JDP2 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4metacluster_180.3ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF2; ATF3; ATF3; ATF4; ATF4; ATF6; ATF6B; ATF7; ATF7; BACH2; BATF3; BATF3; CREB1; CREB1; CREB3; FOSL1; FOSL2; JDP2; JUN; JUN; JUN; JUND; JUND; XBP1; ZBTB21 (directAnnotation). JDP2; JDP2; JUND (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4metacluster_148.1ATF2; ATF2; ATF3; ATF3; ATF3; ATF3; ATF4; ATF4; ATF6; ATF6; ATF6B; ATF7; BATF3; BATF3; CREB1; CREB1; CREB1; CREB3; CREB3; CREB5; CREB5; CREB5; CREM; CREM; FOS; FOS; FOSB; FOSB; FOSB; FOSL1; JDP2; JDP2; JUN; JUN; JUN; JUNB; JUND; MAF; MAF; MAFA; MAFA; MAFF; MAFF; MAFF; MAFF; MAFG; MAFG; ZBTB21 (directAnnotation). ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF1; ATF6; ATF6; ATF6; ATF6; ATF6B; ATF6B; ATF6B; ATF6B; CREB1; CREB1; CREB3; CREB3; CREB3; CREB3; CREB3L1; CREB3L1; CREB3L1; CREB3L1; CREB3L2; CREB3L2; CREB3L2; CREB3L2; CREB3L3; CREB3L3; CREB3L3; CREB3L3; CREB3L4; CREB3L4; CREB3L4; CREB3L4; CREM; CREM; CREM; CREM; JDP2; JUN; JUNB; JUND; MAFB (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4transfac_public__M00041ATF2; JUN (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M06642ZSCAN10 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M04746E2F1 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_public__M00039CREB1 (directAnnotation).
CCL4metacluster_155.13ZNF135 (directAnnotation).
CCL4taipale__Esrra_DBD_TTCAAGGTCAN_reprESRRA (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05560AEBP2 (directAnnotation).
CCL4taipale_cyt_meth__ELF3_NTGTGCGGATGCN_FL_reprELF3 (directAnnotation).
CCL4cisbp__M01809FOSL2 (inferredBy_Orthology).
CCL4transfac_pro__M06469ZNF441 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M07448ZBED1 (directAnnotation).
CCL4metacluster_22.42MAFG (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05667ZNF35 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05463ZIM2 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M04933STAT3 (directAnnotation).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00449REL; YY1 (directAnnotation).
CCL4taipale_cyt_meth__HSF5_AACRTTCTAGAAYGYT_eDBD_methHSF5 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M06897ZNF789 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M06920ZNF256 (directAnnotation).
CCL4dbtfbs__NCOA3_MCF-7_ENCSR573OJP_merged_N2NCOA3 (directAnnotation).
CCL4metacluster_137.1NFE2L1; NFE2L1; ZNF177 (directAnnotation).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00302IRF7; IRF8 (directAnnotation).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00228PDX1; TFAP4 (directAnnotation).
CCL4tfdimers__MD00034PDX1; SOX2 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M05765ZNF684 (directAnnotation).
CCL4kznf__PRDM1_modENCODE.2_ChIP-seqPRDM1 (directAnnotation).
CCL4transfac_pro__M06661ZNF426 (directAnnotation).
CCL4taipale_tf_pairs__FOXO1_ETV4_RCCGGAWGTKKN_CAPETV4; FOXO1 (directAnnotation).
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Acts as a transcription factor

check buttonThis table shows that this differential gene acts as a transcription factor.

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Acts as a drug target

check buttonThis table shows that this differential gene acts as a drug target.



1"Sun X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou Y, Shi S, Chen Z, He X, Zhang H, Li F, Yin J, Mou M, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Zhu F. DRESIS: the first comprehensive landscape of drug resistance information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Jan 6;51(D1):D1263-D1275. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac812. PMID: 36243960; PMCID: PMC9825618."
2"Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M. DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037. PMID: 29126136; PMCID: PMC5753335."