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	Gene summary
	Datasets with differential expression of this gene
	Expression of this gene in the resistant group across all datasets and cell types
	Significant ligand-receptor pairs related to this gene (This gene does not contain this module)
	Known drug resistance mechanisms of this gene (This gene does not contain this module)
	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulating this gene
	Motifs and transcription factors (TFs) regulating this gene
	Acts as a transcription factor (This gene does not contain this module)
	Acts as a drug target

Gene: GLUL

Summary for GLUL

Gene information	Gene symbol	GLUL
	Ensembl ID	ENSG00000135821
	Entrez ID	2752
	Gene name	glutamate-ammonia ligase
	Synonyms	GLNS
	Gene type	protein_coding
	UniProtAcc	NA

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Dataset with differentially expressed gene: GLUL

Differentially expression genes between the resistant and sensitive groups. A positive avg_log2FC represents significantly high expression in the resistant group, while a negative avg_log2FC represents significantly low expression in the resistant group.

Dataset	Source	Tissue	Cancer type level1	Cancer type level2	Drug type	Regimen	Timepoint	Cell type	avg_log2FC	p_val_adj
GSE140440	DU145 and PC cell lines	Cell line	Prostate cancer	Prostate cancer	Chemotherapy	docetaxel	NA	Malignant cells	0.979815	8.86e-05
GSE169246_PacBlood	patients	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells	Breast cancer	Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)	Chemotherapy	paclitaxel	pre	cDCs	0.310298	1.81e-09
GSE169246_PacTissue	patients	Tumor tissue	Breast cancer	Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)	Chemotherapy	paclitaxel	post	Mono/Macro	0.512125	2.58e-20
GSE169246_PacTissue	patients	Tumor tissue	Breast cancer	Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)	Chemotherapy	paclitaxel	pre	Mono/Macro	0.5435	1.12e-33
GSE153697	patients	Bone marrow aspirate	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	Relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)	Immunotherapy	anti-CD19 CAR-T	NA	Malignant cells	-0.260009	5.98e-04
GSE169246_PacAteBlood	patients	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells	Breast cancer	Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)	Immunotherapy	atezolizumab + paclitaxel	pre	Mono/Macro	0.293404	2.53e-25
GSE169246_PacAteTissue	patients	Tumor tissue	Breast cancer	Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)	Immunotherapy	atezolizumab + paclitaxel	post	Mono/Macro	1.1044	1.83e-19
GSE207422_Sin	patients	Tumor tissue	Lung cancer	EGFR/ALK mutation negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	Immunotherapy	sintilimab + carboplatin + (docetaxel or pemetrexed or emcitabine)	post	Mono/Macro	1.41977	0.00e+00
GSE197268_Tisa-cel	patients	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	Large B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)	Immunotherapy	tisa-cel (CAR-T)	pre	Mono/Macro	0.256773	9.86e-29
GSE207422_Tor	patients	Tumor tissue	Lung cancer	EGFR/ALK mutation negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	Immunotherapy	toripalimab + carboplatin + (docetaxel or pemetrexed or emcitabine)	post	Malignant cells	-0.772347	1.33e-36
GSE189460	patients	Bone marrow aspirate	Multiple myeloma	Multiple myeloma (MM)	Targeted therapy	bortezomib + melphalan + prednisolone	pre	pDCs	0.942599	2.34e-06
GSE189460	patients	Bone marrow aspirate	Multiple myeloma	Multiple myeloma (MM)	Targeted therapy	bortezomib + melphalan + prednisolone	pre	Malignant cells	0.542048	0.00e+00
GSE189460	patients	Bone marrow aspirate	Multiple myeloma	Multiple myeloma (MM)	Targeted therapy	bortezomib + melphalan + prednisolone	pre	Mono/Macro	0.278153	7.56e-17
GSE139386	H3122 cell line	Cell line	Lung cancer	EML4-ALK fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	Targeted therapy	ceritinib	NA	Malignant cells	0.430549	0.00e+00
GSE199333	patients	Bone marrow aspirate	Acute myeloid leukemia	Primary FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML)	Targeted therapy	gilteritinib	pre	Erythrocytes	-0.575127	1.51e-06
GSE131984_JQ1Pal	SUM159 cell line	Cell line	Breast cancer	Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)	Targeted therapy	JQ1 + palbociclib	NA	Malignant cells	-0.27986	1.21e-11
GSE108397	451Lu cell line	Cell line	Melanoma	Melanoma	Targeted therapy	PLX-4720	NA	Malignant cells	-0.307159	2.59e-37
GSE161801_IMiD	patients	Bone marrow aspirate	Multiple myeloma	Refractory multiple myeloma (MM)	Targeted therapy	pomalidomide + dexamethasone OR lenalidomide + dexamethasone	post	Mono/Macro	-0.350805	8.83e-36
GSE175716	PDX	Tumor tissue	Liver cancer	Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma	Targeted therapy	sorafenib	NA	Malignant cells	1.18412	0.00e+00
GSE115251	Kelly cell line	Cell line	Neuroblastoma	Neuroblastoma	Targeted therapy	TAE684	NA	Malignant cells	0.298715	0.00e+00

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Expression of GLUL in the resistant group across all datasets and cell types

Red dots represent significantly high expression in the resistant group, while blue dots represent significantly low expression in the resistant group. White dots represent that there is no significant difference in the expression of this gene between the resistant and sensitive groups. Blank represents that this cell type is not present in this dataset. (If the image exists, the user can click on it to enlarge it in a new window.)

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Significant ligand-receptor pairs related to GLUL

This table shows the significant ligand-receptor pairs related to this gene across all datasets, timepoints and conditions. (Complete files can be downloaded from the download section.)

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Known drug resistance mechanisms of this gene

This table shows the known drug resistance mechanisms of this gene. Clicking on this gene will link to another database that displays more drug resistance-related information.

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MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulating GLUL

This table shows the miRNAs with a score of more than 80 regulating this gene. (Complete files can be downloaded from the download section.)

Gene symbol	miRNA	Score	GeneBank accession
GLUL	hsa-miR-9983-3p	97.169	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4481	95.6342	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-129-5p	95.4175	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4745-5p	93.95	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-6885-3p	92.8802	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-7151-5p	92.708	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-6748-3p	92.1886	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-6818-5p	90.6975	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-6845-3p	89.7094	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4778-5p	89.0935	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4719	88.7881	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-504-3p	88.3913	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-548b-3p	88.1218	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-5584-5p	87.9992	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-888-5p	87.3265	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-5588-3p	87.1785	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4437	86.8294	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4653-3p	86.3567	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-7151-3p	86.0342	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4288	84.4716	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4779	84.31	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-6774-5p	83.0536	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-635	83.0536	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-155-5p	82.8658	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-3661	82.6255	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-4424	82.4152	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-3686	82.2464	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-3163	81.6724	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-218-5p	81.5611	NM_001033044
GLUL	hsa-miR-942-3p	81.396	NM_001033044

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Motifs and transcription factors (TFs) regulating GLUL

This table shows the Motifs and transcription factors (TFs) regulating this gene. (Complete files can be downloaded from the download section.)

Gene symbol	motif	TF_highConf
GLUL	kznf__ZFP57_Imbeault2017_OM_MEME	ZFP57 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__TEAD4_SPIB_RGAATGCGGAAGTN_CAP_1	SPIB; TEAD4 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	jaspar__MA1509.1	IRF6 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_9.47	PAX7 (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	metacluster_2.8	IRF4; IRF5; IRF6; IRF9 (directAnnotation). IRF3; IRF5; IRF5; IRF6 (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06317	ZNF829 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_22.33	MAFK (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	tfdimers__MD00123	E2F1; SOX17 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_22.1	MAFF (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__FLI1_MAX_RSCGGAANCACGTGN_CAP	FLI1; MAX (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__HOXA3_EOMES_TAATKAGGTGNKA_CAP_repr	EOMES; HOXA3 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	tfdimers__MD00475	FOS; FOSB; FOSL1; FOSL2; JUN; JUNB; JUND; ZNF333 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M07392	PITX3 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06083	ZNF891 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M05521	ZNF398 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__ERF_MAX_RSCGGAANCACGTGN_CAP_repr	ERF; MAX (directAnnotation).
GLUL	hocomoco__OTX1_HUMAN.H11MO.0.D	OTX1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M03833	NKX3-1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06237	ZNF846 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__MEIS1_ELF1_NTGCCGGAAGTN_CAP_repr	ELF1; MEIS1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	hdpi__TP73	TP73 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__ELK1_EOMES_RSCGGAANNAGGYGYNA_CAP_repr	ELK1; EOMES (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale__ELK1_full_NACTTCCGSCGGAARMN_repr	ELK1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_81.7	CREB1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	taipale_cyt_meth__ZNF385D_NCGTCGCGACGN_eDBD_meth	ZNF385D (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M00492	STAT1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_93.2	ZFP41; ZFP41 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06939	ZBTB11 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	hdpi__FOSL1	FOSL1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_156.4	NFIL3 (directAnnotation). NFIL3 (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06078	ZNF878 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_156.3	DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; HLF; HLF; HLF; HLF; HLF; HLF; HLF; NFIL3; NFIL3; NFIL3; NFIL3; NFIL3; NFIL3; NFIL3; TEF; TEF; TEF; TEF; TEF (directAnnotation). DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; DBP; HLF; HLF; HLF; HLF; HLF; NFIL3; NFIL3; NFILZ; NFILZ; TEF; TEF; TEF; TEF (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06139	ZNF324 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	tfdimers__MD00404	FOXA1; FOXA2; FOXA3; FOXP3 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_56.5	HSF1; HSF1; HSF2 (directAnnotation). HSF1; HSF2; HSF4; HSF5; HSFX1; HSFX2; HSFX3; HSFX4; HSFY1; HSFY2 (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	taipale_tf_pairs__FLI1_DLX2_ACCGGAARTNNNYAATTA_HT	DLX2; FLI1 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06639	ZNF559 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	hdpi__GTF3C2	GTF3C2 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M03806	ZBTB7C (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_198.3	ZFP64 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	kznf__ZNF441_Imbeault2017_RP_RCADE	ZNF441 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	hdpi__NRL	NRL (directAnnotation).
GLUL	tfdimers__MD00483	ZBTB14 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	metacluster_126.7	CTCF; ZFY; ZSCAN30 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	jaspar__MA0185.1	DEAF1 (inferredBy_Orthology).
GLUL	metacluster_22.34	BACH2 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M05612	ZNF189 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M05941	ZNF471 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06042	ZNF208 (directAnnotation).
GLUL	transfac_pro__M06402	ZNF493 (directAnnotation).

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Acts as a transcription factor

This table shows that this differential gene acts as a transcription factor.

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Acts as a drug target

This table shows that this differential gene acts as a drug target.

Target name	Drug name	Drug ID	Drug type
GLUL	"Glutamic acid"	DB00142	small molecule
GLUL	"L-Glutamine"	DB00130	small molecule

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1	"Sun X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou Y, Shi S, Chen Z, He X, Zhang H, Li F, Yin J, Mou M, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Zhu F. DRESIS: the first comprehensive landscape of drug resistance information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Jan 6;51(D1):D1263-D1275. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac812. PMID: 36243960; PMCID: PMC9825618."
2	"Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M. DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037. PMID: 29126136; PMCID: PMC5753335."